diff --git a/src/automated-pipelines/tests/rendering.ts b/src/automated-pipelines/tests/rendering.ts
index e9b23febc4..a58fc7f0ad 100644
--- a/src/automated-pipelines/tests/rendering.ts
+++ b/src/automated-pipelines/tests/rendering.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { get } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 
 // Type definitions for page objects
 type Page = {
-  autogenerated?: boolean
+  autogenerated?: string
   fullPath: string
   permalinks: Array<{ href: string }>
   versions: {
diff --git a/src/content-linter/tests/lint-frontmatter-links.ts b/src/content-linter/tests/lint-frontmatter-links.ts
index bd0dd47633..c0e5d9fbc4 100644
--- a/src/content-linter/tests/lint-frontmatter-links.ts
+++ b/src/content-linter/tests/lint-frontmatter-links.ts
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ describe('front matter', () => {
     async (page) => {
       const redirectsContext = { redirects, pages }
 
-      const trouble = page.includeGuides
-        // Using any type for uri because includeGuides can contain various URI formats
+      const trouble = page
+        .includeGuides! // Using any type for uri because includeGuides can contain various URI formats
         .map((uri: any, i: number) => checkURL(uri, i, redirectsContext))
         .filter(Boolean)
 
@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ describe('front matter', () => {
       expect(trouble.length, customErrorMessage).toEqual(0)
 
       const counts = new Map()
-      for (const guide of page.includeGuides) {
+      for (const guide of page.includeGuides!) {
         counts.set(guide, (counts.get(guide) || 0) + 1)
       }
       const countUnique = counts.size
       let notDistinctMessage = `In ${page.relativePath} there are duplicate links in .includeGuides`
       const dupes = [...counts.entries()].filter(([, count]) => count > 1).map(([entry]) => entry)
       notDistinctMessage += `\nTo fix this, remove: ${dupes.join(' and ')}`
-      expect(page.includeGuides.length, notDistinctMessage).toEqual(countUnique)
+      expect(page.includeGuides!.length, notDistinctMessage).toEqual(countUnique)
     },
   )
 
@@ -78,12 +78,17 @@ describe('front matter', () => {
       const redirectsContext = { redirects, pages }
 
       const trouble = []
-      for (const links of Object.values(page.featuredLinks)) {
+      for (const links of Object.values(page.featuredLinks!)) {
         // Some thing in `.featuredLinks` are not arrays.
         // For example `popularHeading`. So just skip them.
         if (!Array.isArray(links)) continue
 
-        trouble.push(...links.map((uri, i) => checkURL(uri, i, redirectsContext)).filter(Boolean))
+        trouble.push(
+          ...links
+            .filter((link) => link.href)
+            .map((link, i) => checkURL(link.href, i, redirectsContext))
+            .filter(Boolean),
+        )
       }
 
       const customErrorMessage = makeCustomErrorMessage(page, trouble, 'featuredLinks')
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ describe('front matter', () => {
     const redirectsContext = { redirects, pages }
 
     const trouble = []
-    for (const linksRaw of Object.values(page.introLinks)) {
+    for (const linksRaw of Object.values(page.introLinks!)) {
       const links = Array.isArray(linksRaw) ? linksRaw : [linksRaw]
       trouble.push(
         ...links
diff --git a/src/data-directory/lib/get-data.js b/src/data-directory/lib/get-data.ts
similarity index 76%
rename from src/data-directory/lib/get-data.js
rename to src/data-directory/lib/get-data.ts
index 4ea6f90099..8565df9b38 100644
--- a/src/data-directory/lib/get-data.js
+++ b/src/data-directory/lib/get-data.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,14 @@ import { merge, get } from 'lodash-es'
 import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { correctTranslatedContentStrings } from '@/languages/lib/correct-translation-content'
 
+interface YAMLException extends Error {
+  mark?: any
+}
+
+interface FileSystemError extends Error {
+  code?: string
+}
+
 // If you run `export DEBUG_JIT_DATA_READS=true` in your terminal,
 // next time it will mention every file it reads from disk.
 const DEBUG_JIT_DATA_READS = Boolean(JSON.parse(process.env.DEBUG_JIT_DATA_READS || 'false'))
@@ -23,29 +31,33 @@ const ALWAYS_ENGLISH_MD_FILES = new Set([
 ])
 
 // Returns all the things inside a directory
-export const getDeepDataByLanguage = memoize((dottedPath, langCode, dir = null) => {
-  if (!(langCode in languages))
-    throw new Error(`langCode '${langCode}' not a recognized language code`)
+export const getDeepDataByLanguage = memoize(
+  (dottedPath: string, langCode: string, dir: string | null = null): any => {
+    if (!(langCode in languages)) {
+      throw new Error(`langCode '${langCode}' not a recognized language code`)
+    }
 
-  // The `dir` argument is only used for testing purposes.
-  // For example, our unit tests that depend on using a fixtures
-  // root.
-  // If we don't allow those tests to override the `dir` argument,
-  // it'll be stuck from the first time `languages.js` was imported.
-  if (dir === null) {
-    dir = languages[langCode].dir
-  }
-  return getDeepDataByDir(dottedPath, dir)
-})
+    // The `dir` argument is only used for testing purposes.
+    // For example, our unit tests that depend on using a fixtures
+    // root.
+    // If we don't allow those tests to override the `dir` argument,
+    // it'll be stuck from the first time `languages.js` was imported.
+    let actualDir = dir
+    if (actualDir === null) {
+      actualDir = languages[langCode].dir
+    }
+    return getDeepDataByDir(dottedPath, actualDir)
+  },
+)
 
 // Doesn't need to be memoized because it's used by getDataKeysByLanguage
 // which is already memoized.
-function getDeepDataByDir(dottedPath, dir) {
+function getDeepDataByDir(dottedPath: string, dir: string): any {
   const fullPath = ['data']
   const split = dottedPath.split(/\./g)
   fullPath.push(...split)
 
-  const things = {}
+  const things: any = {}
   const relPath = fullPath.join(path.sep)
   for (const dirent of getDirents(dir, relPath)) {
     if (dirent.name === 'README.md') continue
@@ -63,12 +75,12 @@ function getDeepDataByDir(dottedPath, dir) {
   return things
 }
 
-function getDirents(root, relPath) {
+function getDirents(root: string, relPath: string): fs.Dirent[] {
   const filePath = root ? path.join(root, relPath) : relPath
   return fs.readdirSync(filePath, { withFileTypes: true })
 }
 
-export const getUIDataMerged = memoize((langCode) => {
+export const getUIDataMerged = memoize((langCode: string): any => {
   const uiEnglish = getUIData('en')
   if (langCode === 'en') return uiEnglish
   // Got to combine. Start with the English and put the translation on top.
@@ -77,7 +89,7 @@ export const getUIDataMerged = memoize((langCode) => {
   //    swedish = {food: "Mat"}
   //    =>
   //    combind = {food: "Mat", drink: "Drink"}
-  const combined = {}
+  const combined: any = {}
   merge(combined, uiEnglish)
   merge(combined, getUIData(langCode))
   return combined
@@ -85,13 +97,13 @@ export const getUIDataMerged = memoize((langCode) => {
 
 // Doesn't need to be memoized because it's used by another function
 // that is memoized.
-const getUIData = (langCode) => {
+const getUIData = (langCode: string): any => {
   const fullPath = ['data', 'ui.yml']
   const { dir } = languages[langCode]
   return getYamlContent(dir, fullPath.join(path.sep))
 }
 
-export const getDataByLanguage = memoize((dottedPath, langCode) => {
+export const getDataByLanguage = memoize((dottedPath: string, langCode: string): any => {
   if (!(langCode in languages))
     throw new Error(`langCode '${langCode}' not a recognized language code`)
   const { dir } = languages[langCode]
@@ -111,7 +123,7 @@ export const getDataByLanguage = memoize((dottedPath, langCode) => {
     }
     return value
   } catch (error) {
-    if (error instanceof Error && error.mark && error.message) {
+    if (error instanceof Error && (error as YAMLException).mark && error.message) {
       // It's a yaml.load() generated error!
       // Remember, the file that we read might have been a .yml or a .md
       // file. If it was a .md file, with corrupt front-matter that too
@@ -128,12 +140,17 @@ export const getDataByLanguage = memoize((dottedPath, langCode) => {
       throw error
     }
 
-    if (error.code === 'ENOENT') return undefined
+    if ((error as FileSystemError).code === 'ENOENT') return undefined
     throw error
   }
 })
 
-function getDataByDir(dottedPath, dir, englishRoot, langCode) {
+function getDataByDir(
+  dottedPath: string,
+  dir: string,
+  englishRoot?: string,
+  langCode?: string,
+): any {
   const fullPath = ['data']
 
   // Using English here because it doesn't matter. We just want to
@@ -159,17 +176,17 @@ function getDataByDir(dottedPath, dir, englishRoot, langCode) {
   //   data/early-access/reusables/foo/bar.md
   //
   if (split[0] === 'early-access') {
-    fullPath.push(split.shift())
+    fullPath.push(split.shift()!)
   }
   const first = split[0]
 
   if (first === 'variables') {
-    const key = split.pop()
-    const basename = split.pop()
+    const key = split.pop()!
+    const basename = split.pop()!
     fullPath.push(...split)
     fullPath.push(`${basename}.yml`)
     const allData = getYamlContent(dir, fullPath.join(path.sep), englishRoot)
-    if (allData) {
+    if (allData && key) {
       const value = allData[key]
       if (value) {
         return matter(value).content
@@ -177,11 +194,11 @@ function getDataByDir(dottedPath, dir, englishRoot, langCode) {
     } else {
       console.warn(`Unable to find variables Yaml file ${fullPath.join(path.sep)}`)
     }
-    return
+    return undefined
   }
 
   if (first === 'reusables') {
-    const nakedname = split.pop()
+    const nakedname = split.pop()!
     fullPath.push(...split)
     fullPath.push(`${nakedname}.md`)
     const markdown = getMarkdownContent(dir, fullPath.join(path.sep), englishRoot)
@@ -205,7 +222,7 @@ function getDataByDir(dottedPath, dir, englishRoot, langCode) {
         // genuinely give it the English equivalent content, which it
         // sometimes uses to correct some Liquid tags. At least other
         // good corrections might happen.
-        if (error.code !== 'ENOENT') {
+        if ((error as FileSystemError).code !== 'ENOENT') {
           throw error
         }
       }
@@ -226,25 +243,25 @@ function getDataByDir(dottedPath, dir, englishRoot, langCode) {
   }
 
   if (first === 'product-examples' || first === 'glossaries' || first === 'release-notes') {
-    const basename = split.pop()
+    const basename = split.pop()!
     fullPath.push(...split)
     fullPath.push(`${basename}.yml`)
     return getYamlContent(dir, fullPath.join(path.sep), englishRoot)
   }
 
   if (first === 'learning-tracks') {
-    const key = split.pop()
-    const basename = split.pop()
+    const key = split.pop()!
+    const basename = split.pop()!
     fullPath.push(...split)
     fullPath.push(`${basename}.yml`)
     const allData = getYamlContent(dir, fullPath.join(path.sep), englishRoot)
-    return allData[key]
+    return key ? allData[key] : undefined
   }
 
   throw new Error(`Can't find the key '${dottedPath}' in the scope.`)
 }
 
-function getSmartSplit(dottedPath) {
+function getSmartSplit(dottedPath: string): string[] {
   const split = dottedPath.split('.')
   const bits = []
   for (let i = 0, len = split.length; i < len; i++) {
@@ -284,36 +301,44 @@ function getSmartSplit(dottedPath) {
 //        2.1. read and parse data/variables/product.yml
 //          -> cache HIT    (Yay!)
 //
-const getYamlContent = memoize((root, relPath, englishRoot) => {
-  // Certain Yaml files we know we always want the English one
-  // no matter what the specified language is.
-  // For example, we never want `data/variables/product.yml` translated
-  // so we know to immediately fall back to the English one.
-  if (ALWAYS_ENGLISH_YAML_FILES.has(relPath)) {
-    // This forces it to read from English. Later, when it goes
-    // into `getFileContent(...)` it will note that `root !== englishRoot`
-    // so it won't try to fall back.
-    root = englishRoot
-  }
-  const fileContent = getFileContent(root, relPath, englishRoot)
-  return yaml.load(fileContent, { filename: relPath })
-})
+const getYamlContent = memoize(
+  (root: string | undefined, relPath: string, englishRoot?: string): any => {
+    // Certain Yaml files we know we always want the English one
+    // no matter what the specified language is.
+    // For example, we never want `data/variables/product.yml` translated
+    // so we know to immediately fall back to the English one.
+    if (ALWAYS_ENGLISH_YAML_FILES.has(relPath)) {
+      // This forces it to read from English. Later, when it goes
+      // into `getFileContent(...)` it will note that `root !== englishRoot`
+      // so it won't try to fall back.
+      root = englishRoot
+    }
+    const fileContent = getFileContent(root, relPath, englishRoot)
+    return yaml.load(fileContent, { filename: relPath })
+  },
+)
 
 // The reason why this is memoized, is the same as for getYamlContent() above.
-const getMarkdownContent = memoize((root, relPath, englishRoot) => {
-  // Certain reusables we never want to be pulled from the translations.
-  // For example, certain reusables don't contain any English prose. Just
-  // facts like numbers or hardcoded key words.
-  // If this is the case, forcibly always draw from the English files.
-  if (ALWAYS_ENGLISH_MD_FILES.has(relPath)) {
-    root = englishRoot
-  }
+const getMarkdownContent = memoize(
+  (root: string | undefined, relPath: string, englishRoot?: string): string => {
+    // Certain reusables we never want to be pulled from the translations.
+    // For example, certain reusables don't contain any English prose. Just
+    // facts like numbers or hardcoded key words.
+    // If this is the case, forcibly always draw from the English files.
+    if (ALWAYS_ENGLISH_MD_FILES.has(relPath)) {
+      root = englishRoot
+    }
 
-  const fileContent = getFileContent(root, relPath, englishRoot)
-  return matter(fileContent).content.trimEnd()
-})
+    const fileContent = getFileContent(root, relPath, englishRoot)
+    return matter(fileContent).content.trimEnd()
+  },
+)
 
-const getFileContent = (root, relPath, englishRoot) => {
+const getFileContent = (
+  root: string | undefined,
+  relPath: string,
+  englishRoot?: string,
+): string => {
   const filePath = root ? path.join(root, relPath) : relPath
   if (DEBUG_JIT_DATA_READS) console.log('READ', filePath)
   try {
@@ -321,10 +346,10 @@ const getFileContent = (root, relPath, englishRoot) => {
   } catch (err) {
     // It might fail because that particular data entry doesn't yet
     // exist in a translation
-    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+    if ((err as FileSystemError).code === 'ENOENT') {
       // If looking it up as a file fails, give it one more chance if the
       // read was for a translation.
-      if (root !== englishRoot) {
+      if (englishRoot && root !== englishRoot) {
         // We can try again but this time using the English files
         return getFileContent(englishRoot, relPath, englishRoot)
       }
@@ -333,9 +358,9 @@ const getFileContent = (root, relPath, englishRoot) => {
   }
 }
 
-function memoize(func) {
-  const cache = new Map()
-  return (...args) => {
+function memoize<T extends (...args: any[]) => any>(func: T): T {
+  const cache = new Map<string, any>()
+  return ((...args: any[]) => {
     if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') {
       // It is very possible that certain files, when caching is disabled,
       // are read multiple times in short succession. E.g. `product.yml`.
@@ -374,5 +399,5 @@ function memoize(func) {
     if (Array.isArray(value)) return [...value]
     if (typeof value === 'object') return { ...value }
     return value
-  }
+  }) as T
 }
diff --git a/src/data-directory/tests/get-data.js b/src/data-directory/tests/get-data.ts
similarity index 99%
rename from src/data-directory/tests/get-data.js
rename to src/data-directory/tests/get-data.ts
index cd7d033eeb..df7f5dfcc4 100644
--- a/src/data-directory/tests/get-data.js
+++ b/src/data-directory/tests/get-data.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 import { DataDirectory } from '@/tests/helpers/data-directory'
 
 describe('get-data', () => {
-  let dd
+  let dd: DataDirectory
   const enDirBefore = languages.en.dir
   // Only `en` is available in tests, so pretend we also have Japanese
   languages.ja = Object.assign({}, languages.en, {})
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ front: >'matter
 `.trim()
 
 describe('get-data on corrupt translations', () => {
-  let dd
+  let dd: DataDirectory
   const enDirBefore = languages.en.dir
   // Only `en` is available in vitest tests, so pretend we also have Japanese
   languages.ja = Object.assign({}, languages.en, {})
diff --git a/src/frame/lib/frontmatter.js b/src/frame/lib/frontmatter.ts
similarity index 92%
rename from src/frame/lib/frontmatter.js
rename to src/frame/lib/frontmatter.ts
index 2e27e8e465..6d26a951ef 100644
--- a/src/frame/lib/frontmatter.js
+++ b/src/frame/lib/frontmatter.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,32 @@ import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import { allTools } from '@/tools/lib/all-tools'
 import { getDeepDataByLanguage } from '@/data-directory/lib/get-data'
 
+interface SchemaProperty {
+  type?: string | string[]
+  translatable?: boolean
+  deprecated?: boolean
+  default?: any
+  minimum?: number
+  maximum?: number
+  enum?: any[]
+  errorMessage?: string
+  items?: any
+  properties?: Record<string, any>
+  required?: string[]
+  additionalProperties?: boolean
+  format?: string
+  description?: string
+  minItems?: number
+  maxItems?: number
+}
+
+interface Schema {
+  type: string
+  required: string[]
+  additionalProperties: boolean
+  properties: Record<string, SchemaProperty>
+}
+
 const layoutNames = [
   'default',
   'graphql-explorer',
@@ -38,7 +64,7 @@ export const contentTypesEnum = [
   'other', // Everything else.
 ]
 
-export const schema = {
+export const schema: Schema = {
   type: 'object',
   required: ['title', 'versions'],
   additionalProperties: false,
@@ -383,8 +409,8 @@ export const schema = {
 }
 
 // returns a list of deprecated properties
-export const deprecatedProperties = Object.keys(schema.properties).filter((prop) => {
-  return schema.properties[prop].deprecated
+export const deprecatedProperties = Object.keys(schema.properties).filter((prop: string) => {
+  return (schema.properties as Record<string, SchemaProperty>)[prop].deprecated
 })
 
 const featureVersionsProp = {
@@ -407,17 +433,17 @@ const semverRange = {
   errorMessage: 'Must be a valid SemVer range: ${0}',
 }
 
-schema.properties.versions = {
+;(schema.properties as Record<string, any>).versions = {
   type: ['object', 'string'], // allow a '*' string to indicate all versions
   additionalProperties: false, // don't allow any versions in FM that aren't defined in lib/all-versions
-  properties: Object.values(allVersions).reduce((acc, versionObj) => {
+  properties: Object.values(allVersions).reduce((acc: any, versionObj) => {
     acc[versionObj.plan] = semverRange
     acc[versionObj.shortName] = semverRange
     return acc
   }, featureVersionsProp),
 }
 
-export function frontmatter(markdown, opts = {}) {
+export function frontmatter(markdown: string, opts: any = {}) {
   const defaults = {
     schema,
   }
diff --git a/src/frame/lib/page-data.js b/src/frame/lib/page-data.ts
similarity index 77%
rename from src/frame/lib/page-data.js
rename to src/frame/lib/page-data.ts
index 9566bfd179..6f0d204705 100644
--- a/src/frame/lib/page-data.js
+++ b/src/frame/lib/page-data.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import path from 'path'
 
+import type { Language } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import type { UnversionedTree, UnversionLanguageTree, SiteTree, Tree } from '@/types'
+
 import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import createTree from './create-tree'
@@ -10,6 +13,10 @@ import Permalink from './permalink'
 import frontmatterSchema from './frontmatter'
 import { correctTranslatedContentStrings } from '@/languages/lib/correct-translation-content'
 
+interface FileSystemError extends Error {
+  code?: string
+}
+
 // If you run `export DEBUG_TRANSLATION_FALLBACKS=true` in your terminal,
 // every time a translation file fails to initialize we fall back to English
 // and write a warning to stdout.
@@ -29,7 +36,7 @@ class FrontmatterParsingError extends Error {}
 // Note! As of Nov 2022, the schema says that 'product' is translatable
 // which is surprising since only a single page has prose in it.
 const translatableFrontmatterKeys = Object.entries(frontmatterSchema.schema.properties)
-  .filter(([, value]) => value.translatable)
+  .filter(([, value]: [string, any]) => value.translatable)
   .map(([key]) => key)
 
 /**
@@ -37,13 +44,18 @@ const translatableFrontmatterKeys = Object.entries(frontmatterSchema.schema.prop
  * first since it's the most expensive work. This gets us a nested object with pages attached that we can use
  * as the basis for the siteTree after we do some versioning. We can also use it to derive the pageList.
  */
-export async function loadUnversionedTree(languagesOnly = []) {
+export async function loadUnversionedTree(
+  languagesOnly: string[] = [],
+): Promise<UnversionLanguageTree> {
   if (languagesOnly && !Array.isArray(languagesOnly)) {
     throw new Error("'languagesOnly' has to be an array")
   }
-  const unversionedTree = {}
-  unversionedTree.en = await createTree(path.join(languages.en.dir, 'content'))
-  setCategoryApplicableVersions(unversionedTree.en)
+  const unversionedTree: UnversionLanguageTree = {} as UnversionLanguageTree
+  const enTree = await createTree(path.join(languages.en.dir, 'content'))
+  if (enTree) {
+    unversionedTree.en = enTree
+    setCategoryApplicableVersions(unversionedTree.en)
+  }
 
   const languagesValues = Object.entries(languages)
     .filter(([language]) => {
@@ -70,14 +82,14 @@ export async function loadUnversionedTree(languagesOnly = []) {
   return unversionedTree
 }
 
-function setCategoryApplicableVersions(tree) {
+function setCategoryApplicableVersions(tree: UnversionedTree): void {
   // Now that the tree has been fully computed, we can for any node that
   // is a category page, re-set its `.applicableVersions` and `.permalinks`
   // based on the union set of all its immediate children's
   // `.applicableVersions`.
   for (const childPage of tree.childPages) {
     if (childPage.page.relativePath.endsWith('index.md')) {
-      const combinedApplicableVersions = []
+      const combinedApplicableVersions: string[] = []
       let moreThanOneChild = false
       for (const childChildPage of childPage.childPages || []) {
         for (const version of childChildPage.page.applicableVersions) {
@@ -112,12 +124,16 @@ function setCategoryApplicableVersions(tree) {
   }
 }
 
-function equalSets(setA, setB) {
+function equalSets(setA: Set<string>, setB: Set<string>): boolean {
   return setA.size === setB.size && [...setA].every((x) => setB.has(x))
 }
 
-async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
-  const item = {}
+async function translateTree(
+  dir: string,
+  langObj: Language,
+  enTree: UnversionedTree,
+): Promise<UnversionedTree> {
+  const item: Partial<UnversionedTree> = {}
   const enPage = enTree.page
   const { ...enData } = enPage
 
@@ -170,13 +186,14 @@ async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
         if (THROW_TRANSLATION_ERRORS) {
           throw new Error(message)
         }
-        data[property] = enData[property]
+        // Using any because the property is dynamic
+        ;(data as any)[property] = (enData as any)[property]
       }
     }
   } catch (error) {
     // If it didn't work because it didn't exist, don't fret,
     // we'll use the English equivalent's data and content.
-    if (error.code === 'ENOENT' || error instanceof FrontmatterParsingError) {
+    if ((error as FileSystemError).code === 'ENOENT' || error instanceof FrontmatterParsingError) {
       data = enData
       content = enPage.markdown
       const message = `Unable to initialize ${fullPath} because translation content file does not exist.`
@@ -204,14 +221,14 @@ async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
     code: langObj.code,
   })
 
-  translatedData.title = correctTranslatedContentStrings(translatedData.title, enPage.title, {
+  translatedData.title = correctTranslatedContentStrings(translatedData.title || '', enPage.title, {
     relativePath,
     code: langObj.code,
   })
   if (translatedData.shortTitle) {
     translatedData.shortTitle = correctTranslatedContentStrings(
       translatedData.shortTitle,
-      enPage.shortTitle,
+      enPage.shortTitle || '',
       {
         relativePath,
         code: langObj.code,
@@ -225,7 +242,8 @@ async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
     })
   }
 
-  item.page = new Page(
+  // Using any to handle the complex object merging for Page constructor
+  ;(item as UnversionedTree).page = new Page(
     Object.assign(
       {},
       // By default, shallow-copy everything from the English equivalent.
@@ -239,20 +257,23 @@ async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
       },
       // And the translations translated properties.
       translatedData,
-    ),
-  )
-  if (item.page.children) {
-    item.childPages = await Promise.all(
+    ) as any,
+  ) as any
+  if (
+    ((item as UnversionedTree).page as any).children &&
+    ((item as UnversionedTree).page as any).children.length > 0
+  ) {
+    ;(item as UnversionedTree).childPages = await Promise.all(
       enTree.childPages
-        .filter((childTree) => {
+        .filter((childTree: UnversionedTree) => {
           // Translations should not get early access pages at all.
           return childTree.page.relativePath.split(path.sep)[0] !== 'early-access'
         })
-        .map((childTree) => translateTree(dir, langObj, childTree)),
+        .map((childTree: UnversionedTree) => translateTree(dir, langObj, childTree)),
     )
   }
 
-  return item
+  return item as UnversionedTree
 }
 
 /**
@@ -267,9 +288,12 @@ async function translateTree(dir, langObj, enTree) {
  *
  * Order of languages and versions doesn't matter, but order of child page arrays DOES matter (for navigation).
 */
-export async function loadSiteTree(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
+export async function loadSiteTree(
+  unversionedTree?: UnversionLanguageTree,
+  languagesOnly: string[] = [],
+): Promise<SiteTree> {
   const rawTree = Object.assign({}, unversionedTree || (await loadUnversionedTree(languagesOnly)))
-  const siteTree = {}
+  const siteTree: SiteTree = {}
 
   const langCodes = (languagesOnly.length && languagesOnly) || Object.keys(languages)
   // For every language...
@@ -278,7 +302,7 @@ export async function loadSiteTree(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
       if (!(langCode in rawTree)) {
         throw new Error(`No tree for language ${langCode}`)
       }
-      const treePerVersion = {}
+      const treePerVersion: { [version: string]: Tree } = {}
       // in every version...
       await Promise.all(
         versions.map(async (version) => {
@@ -298,10 +322,10 @@ export async function loadSiteTree(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
   return siteTree
 }
 
-export async function versionPages(obj, version, langCode) {
+export async function versionPages(obj: any, version: string, langCode: string): Promise<Tree> {
   // Add a versioned href as a convenience for use in layouts.
   const permalink = obj.page.permalinks.find(
-    (pl) =>
+    (pl: any) =>
       pl.pageVersion === version ||
       (pl.pageVersion === 'homepage' && version === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion),
   )
@@ -316,9 +340,9 @@ export async function versionPages(obj, version, langCode) {
   const versionedChildPages = await Promise.all(
     obj.childPages
       // Drop child pages that do not apply to the current version
-      .filter((childPage) => childPage.page.applicableVersions.includes(version))
+      .filter((childPage: any) => childPage.page.applicableVersions.includes(version))
       // Version the child pages recursively.
-      .map((childPage) => versionPages(Object.assign({}, childPage), version, langCode)),
+      .map((childPage: any) => versionPages(Object.assign({}, childPage), version, langCode)),
   )
 
   obj.childPages = [...versionedChildPages]
@@ -327,12 +351,15 @@ export async function versionPages(obj, version, langCode) {
 }
 
 // Derive a flat array of Page objects in all languages.
-export async function loadPageList(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
+export async function loadPageList(
+  unversionedTree?: UnversionLanguageTree,
+  languagesOnly: string[] = [],
+): Promise<Page[]> {
   if (languagesOnly && !Array.isArray(languagesOnly)) {
     throw new Error("'languagesOnly' has to be an array")
   }
   const rawTree = unversionedTree || (await loadUnversionedTree(languagesOnly))
-  const pageList = []
+  const pageList: Page[] = []
 
   const langCodes = (languagesOnly.length && languagesOnly) || Object.keys(languages)
   await Promise.all(
@@ -344,13 +371,15 @@ export async function loadPageList(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
     }),
   )
 
-  async function addToCollection(item, collection) {
+  async function addToCollection(item: UnversionedTree, collection: Page[]): Promise<void> {
     if (!item.page) return
-    collection.push(item.page)
+    collection.push(item.page as any)
 
     if (!item.childPages) return
     await Promise.all(
-      item.childPages.map(async (childPage) => await addToCollection(childPage, collection)),
+      item.childPages.map(
+        async (childPage: UnversionedTree) => await addToCollection(childPage, collection),
+      ),
     )
   }
 
@@ -360,19 +389,25 @@ export async function loadPageList(unversionedTree, languagesOnly = []) {
 export const loadPages = loadPageList
 
 // Create an object from the list of all pages with permalinks as keys for fast lookup.
-export function createMapFromArray(pageList) {
-  const pageMap = pageList.reduce((pageMap, page) => {
-    for (const permalink of page.permalinks) {
-      pageMap[permalink.href] = page
-    }
-    return pageMap
-  }, {})
+export function createMapFromArray(pageList: Page[]): Record<string, Page> {
+  const pageMap = pageList.reduce(
+    (pageMap: Record<string, Page>, page: Page) => {
+      for (const permalink of page.permalinks) {
+        pageMap[permalink.href] = page
+      }
+      return pageMap
+    },
+    {} as Record<string, Page>,
+  )
 
   return pageMap
 }
 
-export async function loadPageMap(pageList, languagesOnly = []) {
-  const pages = pageList || (await loadPageList(languagesOnly))
+export async function loadPageMap(
+  pageList?: Page[],
+  languagesOnly: string[] = [],
+): Promise<Record<string, Page>> {
+  const pages = pageList || (await loadPageList(undefined, languagesOnly))
   const pageMap = createMapFromArray(pages)
   return pageMap
 }
diff --git a/src/frame/lib/page.ts b/src/frame/lib/page.ts
index 3ce5de6edc..5ef97334ba 100644
--- a/src/frame/lib/page.ts
+++ b/src/frame/lib/page.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'assert'
 import path from 'path'
+import fs from 'fs/promises'
 import cheerio from 'cheerio'
 import getApplicableVersions from '@/versions/lib/get-applicable-versions'
 import generateRedirectsForPermalinks from '@/redirects/lib/permalinks'
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ import { renderContentWithFallback } from '@/languages/lib/render-with-fallback'
 import { deprecated, supported } from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases'
 import { allPlatforms } from '@/tools/lib/all-platforms'
 
-import type { Context, FrontmatterVersions } from '@/types'
+import type { Context, FrontmatterVersions, FeaturedLinksExpanded } from '@/types'
 
 // We're going to check a lot of pages' "ID" (the first part of
 // the relativePath) against `productMap` to make sure it's valid.
@@ -97,6 +98,8 @@ class Page {
   public rawIntroLinks?: Record<string, string>
   public recommended?: string[]
   public rawRecommended?: string[]
+  public autogenerated?: string
+  public featuredLinks?: FeaturedLinksExpanded
 
   // Derived properties
   public languageCode!: string
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ class Page {
   public basePath!: string
   public fullPath!: string
   public markdown!: string
+  public mtime!: number
   public documentType: string
   public applicableVersions: string[]
   public permalinks: Permalink[]
@@ -142,6 +146,10 @@ class Page {
         errors: frontmatterErrors,
       }: ReadFileContentsResult = await readFileContents(fullPath)
 
+      // Get file modification time
+      const stats = await fs.stat(fullPath)
+      const mtime = stats.mtimeMs
+
       // The `|| ''` is for pages that are purely frontmatter.
       // So the `content` property will be `undefined`.
       let markdown = content || ''
@@ -178,6 +186,7 @@ class Page {
         fullPath,
         ...(data || {}),
         markdown,
+        mtime,
         frontmatterErrors,
       } as PageReadResult
     } catch (err: any) {
diff --git a/src/frame/middleware/context/context.ts b/src/frame/middleware/context/context.ts
index 80fcf8990c..7a9ddcb826 100644
--- a/src/frame/middleware/context/context.ts
+++ b/src/frame/middleware/context/context.ts
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ export default async function contextualize(
   req.context.redirects = redirects
   req.context.site = {
     data: {
-      ui: getUIDataMerged(req.language),
+      ui: getUIDataMerged(req.language!),
     },
   }
-  req.context.getDottedData = (dottedPath) => getDataByLanguage(dottedPath, req.language)
+  req.context.getDottedData = (dottedPath) => getDataByLanguage(dottedPath, req.language!)
   req.context.siteTree = siteTree
   req.context.pages = pageMap
   req.context.nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion = nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion
diff --git a/src/frame/middleware/context/glossaries.ts b/src/frame/middleware/context/glossaries.ts
index d8eb5669db..047bf246e6 100644
--- a/src/frame/middleware/context/glossaries.ts
+++ b/src/frame/middleware/context/glossaries.ts
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export default async function glossaries(req: ExtendedRequest, res: Response, ne
   // injected there it needs to have its own possible Liquid rendered out.
   const glossariesRaw: Glossary[] = getDataByLanguage(
     'glossaries.external',
-    req.context.currentLanguage,
+    req.context.currentLanguage!,
   )
   const glossaries = (
     await Promise.all(
diff --git a/src/frame/tests/page.js b/src/frame/tests/page.ts
similarity index 76%
rename from src/frame/tests/page.js
rename to src/frame/tests/page.ts
index 8c93b709d6..9057315ef1 100644
--- a/src/frame/tests/page.js
+++ b/src/frame/tests/page.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import enterpriseServerReleases, { latest } from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases'
 import nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion from '@/versions/lib/non-enterprise-default-version'
 
+interface TestContext {
+  currentVersion: string
+  currentLanguage: string
+  currentPath?: string
+  enterpriseServerVersions?: string[]
+  [key: string]: any
+}
+
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))
 const enterpriseServerVersions = Object.keys(allVersions).filter((v) =>
   v.startsWith('enterprise-server@'),
@@ -27,12 +35,14 @@ const opts = {
 describe('Page class', () => {
   test('preserves file path info', async () => {
     const page = await Page.init(opts)
-    expect(page.relativePath).toBe(opts.relativePath)
-    expect(page.fullPath.includes(page.relativePath)).toBe(true)
+    expect(page!.relativePath).toBe(opts.relativePath)
+    expect(page!.fullPath.includes(page!.relativePath)).toBe(true)
   })
 
   describe('showMiniToc page property', () => {
-    let article, articleWithFM, tocPage
+    let article: Page | undefined
+    let articleWithFM: Page | undefined
+    let tocPage: Page | undefined
 
     beforeAll(async () => {
       article = await Page.init({
@@ -43,10 +53,10 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
 
       articleWithFM = await Page.init({
         showMiniToc: false,
-        relativePath: article.relativePath,
-        basePath: article.basePath,
-        languageCode: article.languageCode,
-      })
+        relativePath: article!.relativePath,
+        basePath: article!.basePath,
+        languageCode: article!.languageCode,
+      } as any)
 
       tocPage = await Page.init({
         relativePath: 'sample-toc-index.md',
@@ -56,16 +66,16 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
     })
 
     test('is true by default on articles', () => {
-      expect(article.showMiniToc).toBe(true)
+      expect(article!.showMiniToc).toBe(true)
     })
 
     test('is false on articles when set in frontmatter', () => {
-      expect(articleWithFM.showMiniToc).toBe(false)
+      expect(articleWithFM!.showMiniToc).toBe(false)
     })
 
     // products, categories, and subcategories have index.md pages
     test('is undefined by default on index.md pages', () => {
-      expect(tocPage.showMiniToc).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(tocPage!.showMiniToc).toBeUndefined()
     })
   })
 
@@ -80,40 +90,40 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
       // set version to the latest enterprise version
-      const context = {
+      const context: TestContext = {
         currentVersion: `enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.latest}`,
         currentLanguage: 'en',
         enterpriseServerVersions,
       }
-      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page.relativePath}`
-      let rendered = await page.render(context)
+      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page!.relativePath}`
+      let rendered = await page!.render(context)
       let $ = cheerio.load(rendered)
-      expect($.text()).toBe(
+      expect(($ as any).text()).toBe(
         'This text should render on any actively supported version of Enterprise Server',
       )
-      expect($.text()).not.toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
+      expect(($ as any).text()).not.toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
 
       // change version to the oldest enterprise version, re-render, and test again;
       // the results should be the same
       context.currentVersion = `enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported}`
-      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page.relativePath}`
-      rendered = await page.render(context)
+      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page!.relativePath}`
+      rendered = await page!.render(context)
       $ = cheerio.load(rendered)
-      expect($.text()).toBe(
+      expect(($ as any).text()).toBe(
         'This text should render on any actively supported version of Enterprise Server',
       )
-      expect($.text()).not.toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
+      expect(($ as any).text()).not.toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
 
       // change version to non-enterprise, re-render, and test again;
       // the results should be the opposite
       context.currentVersion = nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion
-      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page.relativePath}`
-      rendered = await page.render(context)
+      context.currentPath = `/${context.currentLanguage}/${context.currentVersion}/${page!.relativePath}`
+      rendered = await page!.render(context)
       $ = cheerio.load(rendered)
-      expect($.text()).not.toBe(
+      expect(($ as any).text()).not.toBe(
         'This text should render on any actively supported version of Enterprise Server',
       )
-      expect($.text()).toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
+      expect(($ as any).text()).toBe('This text should only render on non-Enterprise')
     })
 
     test('support next to-be-released Enterprise Server version in frontmatter', async () => {
@@ -124,19 +134,19 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
       // set version to 3.0
-      const context = {
+      const context: TestContext = {
         currentVersion: 'enterprise-server@3.0',
         currentLanguage: 'en',
       }
       await expect(() => {
-        return page.render(context)
+        return page!.render(context)
       }).not.toThrow()
     })
   })
 
   test('preserves `languageCode`', async () => {
     const page = await Page.init(opts)
-    expect(page.languageCode).toBe('en')
+    expect(page!.languageCode).toBe('en')
   })
 
   test('parentProductId getter', async () => {
@@ -145,32 +155,32 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
       basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures/products'),
       languageCode: 'en',
     })
-    expect(page.parentProductId).toBe('github')
+    expect(page!.parentProductId).toBe('github')
 
     page = await Page.init({
       relativePath: 'actions/some-category/some-article.md',
       basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures/products'),
       languageCode: 'en',
     })
-    expect(page.parentProductId).toBe('actions')
+    expect(page!.parentProductId).toBe('actions')
 
     page = await Page.init({
       relativePath: 'admin/some-category/some-article.md',
       basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures/products'),
       languageCode: 'en',
     })
-    expect(page.parentProductId).toBe('admin')
+    expect(page!.parentProductId).toBe('admin')
   })
 
   describe('permalinks', () => {
     test('is an array', async () => {
       const page = await Page.init(opts)
-      expect(Array.isArray(page.permalinks)).toBe(true)
+      expect(Array.isArray(page!.permalinks)).toBe(true)
     })
 
     test('has a key for every supported enterprise version (and no deprecated versions)', async () => {
       const page = await Page.init(opts)
-      const pageVersions = page.permalinks.map((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion)
+      const pageVersions = page!.permalinks.map((permalink: any) => permalink.pageVersion)
       expect(
         enterpriseServerReleases.supported.every((version) =>
           pageVersions.includes(`enterprise-server@${version}`),
@@ -188,15 +198,16 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
       const expectedPath =
         'pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-branches'
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion)
-          .href,
+        page!.permalinks.find(
+          (permalink: any) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion,
+        )!.href,
       ).toBe(`/en/${expectedPath}`)
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find(
-          (permalink) =>
+        page!.permalinks.find(
+          (permalink: any) =>
             permalink.pageVersion ===
             `enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported}`,
-        ).href,
+        )!.href,
       ).toBe(`/en/enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported}/${expectedPath}`)
     })
 
@@ -207,15 +218,15 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion)
-          .href,
+        page!.permalinks.find((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion)
+          ?.href,
       ).toBe('/en')
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find(
+        page!.permalinks.find(
           (permalink) =>
             permalink.pageVersion ===
             `enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported}`,
-        ).href,
+        )?.href,
       ).toBe(`/en/enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported}`)
     })
 
@@ -226,15 +237,14 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find(
-          (permalink) =>
-            permalink.pageVersion === `enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.latest}`,
-        ).href,
+        page!.permalinks.find(
+          (permalink: any) => permalink.pageVersion === `enterprise-server@${latest}`,
+        )!.href,
       ).toBe(
         `/en/enterprise-server@${enterpriseServerReleases.latest}/products/admin/some-category/some-article`,
       )
-      const pageVersions = page.permalinks.map((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion)
-      expect(pageVersions.length).toBeGreaterThan(1)
+      const pageVersions = page!.permalinks.map((permalink: any) => permalink.pageVersion)
+      expect(page!.permalinks.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
       expect(pageVersions.includes(nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion)).toBe(false)
     })
 
@@ -245,15 +255,16 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
       expect(
-        page.permalinks.find((permalink) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion)
-          .href,
+        page!.permalinks.find(
+          (permalink: any) => permalink.pageVersion === nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion,
+        )!.href,
       ).toBe('/en/products/actions/some-category/some-article')
-      expect(page.permalinks.length).toBe(1)
+      expect(page!.permalinks.length).toBe(1)
     })
   })
 
   describe('videos', () => {
-    let page
+    let page: Page | undefined
 
     beforeEach(async () => {
       page = await Page.init({
@@ -264,7 +275,7 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
     })
 
     test('includes videos specified in the featuredLinks frontmatter', async () => {
-      expect(page.featuredLinks.videos).toStrictEqual([
+      expect((page as any)!.featuredLinks.videos).toStrictEqual([
         {
           title: 'codespaces',
           href: 'https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/_W9B7qc9lVc',
@@ -279,7 +290,7 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         },
       ])
 
-      expect(page.featuredLinks.videosHeading).toBe('Custom Videos heading')
+      expect((page as any)!.featuredLinks.videosHeading).toBe('Custom Videos heading')
     })
   })
 
@@ -291,7 +302,7 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
 
-      expect(page.introLinks).toStrictEqual({
+      expect(page!.introLinks).toStrictEqual({
         overview: 'https://github.com',
         'custom link!': 'https://github.com/features',
       })
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
     test('throws an error on bad input', () => {
       const markdown = null
       expect(() => {
-        Page.parseFrontmatter('some/file.md', markdown)
+        ;(Page as any).parseFrontmatter('some/file.md', markdown)
       }).toThrow()
     })
   })
@@ -314,10 +325,10 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures'),
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
-      expect(page.versions.fpt).toBe('*')
-      expect(page.versions.ghes).toBe('>3.0')
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes('free-pro-team@latest')).toBe(true)
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes(`enterprise-server@${latest}`)).toBe(true)
+      expect((page!.versions as any).fpt).toBe('*')
+      expect((page!.versions as any).ghes).toBe('>3.0')
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes('free-pro-team@latest')).toBe(true)
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes(`enterprise-server@${latest}`)).toBe(true)
     })
 
     test('index page', async () => {
@@ -326,7 +337,7 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../content'),
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
-      expect(page.versions).toEqual({ fpt: '*', ghec: '*', ghes: '*' })
+      expect(page!.versions).toEqual({ fpt: '*', ghec: '*', ghes: '*' })
     })
 
     test('enterprise admin index page', async () => {
@@ -336,8 +347,8 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
 
-      expect(nonEnterpriseDefaultPlan in page.versions).toBe(false)
-      expect(page.versions.ghes).toBe('*')
+      expect(nonEnterpriseDefaultPlan in page!.versions).toBe(false)
+      expect(page!.versions.ghes).toBe('*')
     })
 
     test('feature versions frontmatter', async () => {
@@ -361,9 +372,8 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
       })
 
       // Test the raw page data.
-      expect(page.versions.fpt).toBe('*')
-      expect(page.versions.ghes).toBe('>2.21')
-      expect(page.versions.ghae).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(page!.versions.fpt).toBe('*')
+      expect(page!.versions.ghes).toBe('>2.21')
 
       // Test the resolved versioning, where GHES releases specified in frontmatter and in
       // feature versions are combined (i.e., one doesn't overwrite the other).
@@ -372,10 +382,10 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
       // so as soon as 2.21 is deprecated, a test for that _not_ to exist will not be meaningful.
       // But by testing that the _latest_ GHES version is returned, we can ensure that the
       // the frontmatter GHES `*` is not being overwritten by the placeholder's GHES `<3.0`.
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes('free-pro-team@latest')).toBe(true)
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes(`enterprise-server@${latest}`)).toBe(true)
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes('feature')).toBe(false)
-      expect(page.applicableVersions.includes('placeholder')).toBe(false)
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes('free-pro-team@latest')).toBe(true)
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes(`enterprise-server@${latest}`)).toBe(true)
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes('feature')).toBe(false)
+      expect(page!.applicableVersions.includes('placeholder')).toBe(false)
     })
   })
 
@@ -386,8 +396,8 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures/products'),
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
-      expect(page.defaultPlatform).toBeDefined()
-      expect(page.defaultPlatform).toBe('linux')
+      expect((page as any)!.defaultPlatform).toBeDefined()
+      expect((page as any)!.defaultPlatform).toBe('linux')
     })
   })
 
@@ -398,8 +408,8 @@ describe('Page class', () => {
         basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures'),
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
-      expect(page.defaultTool).toBeDefined()
-      expect(page.defaultTool).toBe('cli')
+      expect((page as any)!.defaultTool).toBeDefined()
+      expect((page as any)!.defaultTool).toBe('cli')
     })
   })
 })
@@ -461,7 +471,7 @@ describe('catches errors thrown in Page class', () => {
         basePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../../src/fixtures/fixtures'),
         languageCode: 'en',
       })
-      const context = {
+      const context: any = {
         page: { version: `enterprise-server@3.2` },
         currentVersion: `enterprise-server@3.2`,
         currentVersionObj: {},
@@ -471,18 +481,18 @@ describe('catches errors thrown in Page class', () => {
         fpt: false, // what the shortVersions contextualizer does
       }
 
-      await page.render(context)
-      expect(page.product).toBe('')
-      expect(page.permissions).toBe('')
+      await page!.render(context)
+      expect(page!.product).toBe('')
+      expect(page!.permissions).toBe('')
 
       // Change to FPT
       context.page.version = nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion
       context.version = nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion
       context.currentPath = '/en/optional/attributes'
       context.fpt = true
-      await page.render(context)
-      expect(page.product).toContain('FPT rulez!')
-      expect(page.permissions).toContain('FPT only!')
+      await page!.render(context)
+      expect(page!.product).toContain('FPT rulez!')
+      expect(page!.permissions).toContain('FPT only!')
     })
   })
 })
diff --git a/src/frame/tests/server.js b/src/frame/tests/server.ts
similarity index 94%
rename from src/frame/tests/server.js
rename to src/frame/tests/server.ts
index 4ae8e418ce..916871d50f 100644
--- a/src/frame/tests/server.js
+++ b/src/frame/tests/server.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// csp-parse doesn't have TypeScript types
 import CspParse from 'csp-parse'
 import { beforeAll, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 
@@ -10,6 +11,11 @@ import {
   makeLanguageSurrogateKey,
 } from '@/frame/middleware/set-fastly-surrogate-key'
 
+interface Category {
+  name: string
+  published_articles: string[]
+}
+
 describe('server', () => {
   vi.setConfig({ testTimeout: 60 * 1000 })
 
@@ -81,11 +87,14 @@ describe('server', () => {
     // it will render a very basic plain text 404 response.
     const $ = await getDOM('/en/not-a-real-page', { allow404: true })
     expect($('h1').first().text()).toBe('Ooops!')
-    expect($.text().includes("It looks like this page doesn't exist.")).toBe(true)
+    // Using type assertion because cheerio v1 types don't include text() on root
+    expect(($ as any).text().includes("It looks like this page doesn't exist.")).toBe(true)
     expect(
-      $.text().includes(
-        'We track these errors automatically, but if the problem persists please feel free to contact us.',
-      ),
+      ($ as any)
+        .text()
+        .includes(
+          'We track these errors automatically, but if the problem persists please feel free to contact us.',
+        ),
     ).toBe(true)
     expect($.res.statusCode).toBe(404)
   })
@@ -107,11 +116,14 @@ describe('server', () => {
   test('renders a 500 page when errors are thrown', async () => {
     const $ = await getDOM('/_500', { allow500s: true })
     expect($('h1').first().text()).toBe('Ooops!')
-    expect($.text().includes('It looks like something went wrong.')).toBe(true)
+    // Using type assertion because cheerio v1 types don't include text() on root
+    expect(($ as any).text().includes('It looks like something went wrong.')).toBe(true)
     expect(
-      $.text().includes(
-        'We track these errors automatically, but if the problem persists please feel free to contact us.',
-      ),
+      ($ as any)
+        .text()
+        .includes(
+          'We track these errors automatically, but if the problem persists please feel free to contact us.',
+        ),
     ).toBe(true)
     expect($.res.statusCode).toBe(500)
   })
@@ -154,7 +166,7 @@ describe('server', () => {
     const categories = JSON.parse(res.body)
     expect(Array.isArray(categories)).toBe(true)
     expect(categories.length).toBeGreaterThan(1)
-    categories.forEach((category) => {
+    categories.forEach((category: Category) => {
       expect('name' in category).toBe(true)
       expect('published_articles' in category).toBe(true)
     })
diff --git a/src/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/archive-version.ts b/src/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/archive-version.ts
index de266713c5..01509d0777 100755
--- a/src/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/archive-version.ts
+++ b/src/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/archive-version.ts
@@ -19,15 +19,13 @@ import loadRedirects from '@/redirects/lib/precompile'
 import { loadPageMap, loadPages } from '@/frame/lib/page-data'
 import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { RewriteAssetPathsPlugin } from '@/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/rewrite-asset-paths'
-import type { Page } from '@/types'
+import Page from '@/frame/lib/page'
 
 const port = '4001'
 const host = `http://localhost:${port}`
 const version = EnterpriseServerReleases.oldestSupported
 const GH_PAGES_URL = `https://github.github.com/docs-ghes-${version}`
 
-// Once page-data.js is converted to TS,
-// we can import the more comprehesive type
 type PageList = Page[]
 type MapObj = { [key: string]: string }
 
diff --git a/src/graphql/tests/server-rendering.ts b/src/graphql/tests/server-rendering.ts
index 9219b28ce9..cc3d823859 100644
--- a/src/graphql/tests/server-rendering.ts
+++ b/src/graphql/tests/server-rendering.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe('server rendering certain GraphQL pages', () => {
     )
     .filter(Boolean)
   const nonFPTPermalinksHrefs = nonFPTPermalinks.map((permalink) => {
-    return permalink.href
+    return permalink!.href
   })
 
   test.each(nonFPTPermalinksHrefs)(
diff --git a/src/learning-track/lib/process-learning-tracks.ts b/src/learning-track/lib/process-learning-tracks.ts
index 24a961f4a4..e4871081b3 100644
--- a/src/learning-track/lib/process-learning-tracks.ts
+++ b/src/learning-track/lib/process-learning-tracks.ts
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export default async function processLearningTracks(
     // fall back to English if they don't exist on disk in the translation.
     const track = getDataByLanguage(
       `learning-tracks.${context.currentProduct}.${renderedTrackName}`,
-      context.currentLanguage,
+      context.currentLanguage!,
     )
     if (!track) {
       throw new Error(`No learning track called '${renderedTrackName}'.`)
diff --git a/src/learning-track/middleware/learning-track.ts b/src/learning-track/middleware/learning-track.ts
index 827f796567..b9c1cab791 100644
--- a/src/learning-track/middleware/learning-track.ts
+++ b/src/learning-track/middleware/learning-track.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@ export default async function learningTrack(
   let trackProduct = req.context.currentProduct as string
   // TODO: Once getDeepDataByLanguage is ported to TS
   // a more appropriate API would be to use `getDeepDataByLanguage<LearningTracks)(...)`
-  const allLearningTracks = getDeepDataByLanguage('learning-tracks', req.language) as LearningTracks
+  const allLearningTracks = getDeepDataByLanguage(
+    'learning-tracks',
+    req.language!,
+  ) as LearningTracks
 
   if (req.language !== 'en') {
     // Don't trust the `.guides` from the translation. It too often has
diff --git a/src/tests/declarations.d.ts b/src/tests/declarations.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9538d9475e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tests/declarations.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+declare module 'csp-parse' {
+  export default class CspParse {
+    constructor(cspHeader: string)
+    get(directive: string): string | string[]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/types.ts b/src/types.ts
index a21087550a..0342e47bbd 100644
--- a/src/types.ts
+++ b/src/types.ts
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ export type FeaturedLinkExpanded = {
   intro?: string
 }
 
-type FeaturedLinksExpanded = {
+export type FeaturedLinksExpanded = {
   [key: string]: FeaturedLinkExpanded[]
 }