Document pre-receive hook timeout behavior (#57929)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Joe Clark <31087804+jc-clark@users.noreply.github.com>

content/admin/enforcing-policies/enforcing-policy-with-pre-receive-hooks/about-pre-receive-hooks.md

@@ -44,6 +44,26 @@ Due to risk of failure and performance impact for all users of your instance, we
 > [!NOTE]
 > To avoid rejection of a push due to a timeout, all combined pre-receive hooks should run in under five seconds.
 
+## Pre-receive hook timeouts
+
+Pre-receive hooks in {% data variables.product.prodname_ghe_server %} have a fixed timeout budget of 5 seconds (shared across all hooks). This is intentional design to prevent resource exhaustion from long-running hooks and to prevent runaway scripts from blocking repository operations indefinitely.
+
+All pre-receive hooks for a repository share a **cumulative timeout budget**:
+- If hook A takes 3 seconds, hook B gets 2 seconds remaining (from 5 second default)
+- If hook A times out at 5 seconds, hook B never executes
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Pre-receive hook timeouts are handled differently from exit codes:
+> - **Exit codes**: Enforcement configuration is honored (non-enforced hooks don't block pushes)
+> - **Timeouts**: Push may fail regardless of enforcement configuration
+
+### Timeout behavior
+
+Scenario | Enforcement = Enabled | Enforcement = Disabled/Testing
+----------|----------------------|--------------------------------
+Exit code ≠ 0 | Push rejected | Push continues (warning only)
+Timeout exceeded | Push rejected | Warning + push may still fail
+
 {% ifversion ghes > 3.16 %}
 
 {% data reusables.repositories.push-rule-and-prereceive-hooks %}