diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/00-certifications/upcoming-python-certification/upcoming-python-certification.yml b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/00-certifications/upcoming-python-certification/upcoming-python-certification.yml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..71963dffb54 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/00-certifications/upcoming-python-certification/upcoming-python-certification.yml @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +--- +id: 64afc4e8f3b37856e035b85f +title: Upcoming Python Certification +certification: upcoming-python-certification +challengeType: 7 +isPrivate: true +tests: + - + id: 64afc37bf3b37856e035b85e + title: Upcoming Python Project diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-accessibility-by-building-a-quiz/6148defa9c01520fb9d178a0.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-accessibility-by-building-a-quiz/6148defa9c01520fb9d178a0.md index 47ac22ea953..1c237860315 100644 --- a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-accessibility-by-building-a-quiz/6148defa9c01520fb9d178a0.md +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-accessibility-by-building-a-quiz/6148defa9c01520fb9d178a0.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ul { } ``` -Remove the default styling for the `.answers-list` items by settings its style to `none`, and remove the unordered list padding. +Remove the default styling for the `.answers-list` items by setting its style to `none`, and remove the unordered list padding. # --hints-- diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f5d2776c854e069560fbe6.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f5d2776c854e069560fbe6.md index c83aad5d6c0..d7d7642d26c 100644 --- a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f5d2776c854e069560fbe6.md +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f5d2776c854e069560fbe6.md @@ -11,18 +11,39 @@ dashedName: step-14 # --hints-- -يجب عليك إضافة أربعة عناصر `label`. +There should be three `fieldset` elements in total. ```js -assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('label')?.length, 4); +assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('fieldset')?.length, 3); ``` -يجب عليك إضافة عنصر `label` إلى الـ `fieldset` الاول. +The `fieldset` elements should all be direct children of the `form` element. ```js -assert.equal(document.querySelector('fieldset')?.querySelectorAll('label')?.length, 4); +assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('form > fieldset')?.length, 3); ``` +The four `label` elements should all be direct children of the first `fieldset` element. Make sure you close the `label` elements. + +```js +assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('form fieldset:first-child > label')?.length, 4); +``` + +The last two `fieldset` elements should be empty. + +```js +const LastTwoFieldsetElements = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("form fieldset:not(fieldset:first-child)")); +assert.isTrue(LastTwoFieldsetElements.filter((ele) => ele.innerHTML?.replace(/\s/g, ""))?.length === 0); +``` + +Make sure you close the `label` elements. + +```js +assert.lengthOf(document.querySelector('fieldset')?.innerHTML?.match(/<\/label>/g), 4) +``` + + + # --seed-- ## --seed-contents-- diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f805f813eaf2049bc2ceea.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f805f813eaf2049bc2ceea.md index 2371e94d0e3..5e4be7fe7be 100644 --- a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f805f813eaf2049bc2ceea.md +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-html-forms-by-building-a-registration-form/60f805f813eaf2049bc2ceea.md @@ -26,28 +26,28 @@ assert.equal(document.querySelectorAll('label input')?.length, 4); يجب عليك إضافة أول `input` بعد نص الـ `label` الآتي `Enter Your First Name:`,، وقم بإدراج مسافه بعد الـ colon (:). ```js -const query = /^Enter Your First Name:\s+/ +const query = /^Enter Your First Name:\s+/ +const query = /^Enter Your Last Name:\s+/ +const query = /^Enter Your Email:\s+/ +const query = /^Create a New Password:\s+/i)); +``` + +Your `DOCTYPE` declaration should be at the beginning of your HTML. + +```js +assert(__helpers.removeHtmlComments(code).match(/^\s*/i)); +``` + +You should have an opening `html` tag with a `lang` attribute of `en`. + +```js +assert(code.match(//gi)); +``` + +You should have a closing `html` tag. + +```js +assert(code.match(/<\/html>/i)); +``` + +You should have an opening `head` tag. + +```js +assert(code.match(/
/i)); +``` + +You should have a closing `head` tag. + +```js +assert(code.match(/<\/head>/i)); +``` + +You should have an opening `body` tag. + +```js +assert(code.match(//i)); +``` + +You should have a closing `body` tag. + +```js +assert(code.match(/<\/body>/i)); +``` + +Your `body` element should come after the `head` element. + +```js +assert(code.match(/\s*<\/head>\s*\s*<\/body>/i)); +``` + +Your `head` and `body` elements should be inside the `html` element. + +```js +assert(code.match(/\s*\s*<\/head>\s*\s*<\/body>\s*<\/html>/i)); +``` + +# --seed-- + +## --seed-contents-- + +```html +--fcc-editable-region-- + +--fcc-editable-region-- +``` diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecb.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecb.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..4995d5116e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecb.md @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +--- +id: 646c48df8674cf2b91020ecb +title: Step 2 +challengeType: 0 +dashedName: step-2 +--- + +# --description-- + +Within your `head` element, add a `meta` tag with the `charset` attribute of `utf-8`. Also add a `title` element with the text `fCC Cat Painting`. + +# --hints-- + +You should add a single `meta` element. + +```js +assert(document.querySelectorAll('meta').length === 1); +``` + +Your `meta` element should have a `charset` attribute set to `utf-8`. + +```js +assert(document.querySelector('meta')?.getAttribute('charset')?.toLowerCase() === 'utf-8'); +``` + +You should add a single `title` element. + +```js +assert(document.querySelectorAll('title').length === 1); +``` + +Your `title` element should have the text `fCC Cat Painting`. Note that spelling and casing matter. + +```js +assert(document.querySelector('title')?.innerText === 'fCC Cat Painting'); +``` + +# --seed-- + +## --seed-contents-- + +```html + + + + --fcc-editable-region-- + + --fcc-editable-region-- + + + +``` diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecc.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecc.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..16fcfd166a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/14-responsive-web-design-22/learn-intermediate-css-by-building-a-cat-painting/646c48df8674cf2b91020ecc.md @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +--- +id: 646c48df8674cf2b91020ecc +title: Step 3 +challengeType: 0 +dashedName: step-3 +--- + +# --description-- + +Add a `link` element within your `head` element. For that `link` element, set the `rel` attribute to `stylesheet` and the `href` to `./styles.css`. + +# --hints-- + +Your should have a `link` element. + +```js +assert.match(code, //) +``` + + +# --seed-- + +## --seed-contents-- + +```html + + + + +`. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/arabic/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese-traditional/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/chinese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/espanol/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/german/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/italian/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/japanese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: ``. + +Closing tags tell the browser where an element ends. They are almost the same as opening tags; the only difference is that they have a forward slash before the keyword. For example, a closing paragraph tag looks like this: `
`. + +A full paragraph element looks like this: + +
+
+You can think of elements as containers for content. The opening and closing tags tell the browser what content the element contains. The browser can then use that information to determine how it should interpret and format the content.
+
+There are some HTML elements that do not have a closing tag. These elements often look like this: `` + +--- + +`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## `Alt` attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an `alt` attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Watch Kevin Powell’s HTML Images Video above.
+
+## --text--
+
+Which tag is used to display an image?
+
+## --answers--
+
+``
+
+---
+
+``
+
+---
+
+`
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+What two attributes do images always need to have?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`href` and `alt`
+
+---
+
+`name` and `href`
+
+---
+
+`alt` and `src`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+3
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bc84fa6c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-g.md
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+---
+id: 637f701572c65bc8e73dfe30
+title: Links and Images Question G
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-g
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --text--
+
+How do you access a parent directory in a filepath?
+
+## --answers--
+
+`../`
+
+---
+
+`./`
+
+---
+
+`.../`
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+1
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71157081ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-links-and-images/links-and-images-question-h.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+id: 637f700b72c65bc8e73dfe2f
+title: Links and Images Question H
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: links-and-images-question-h
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+Websites would be fairly boring if they could only display text. Luckily HTML provides a wide variety of elements for displaying all sorts of different media. The most widely used of these is the image element.
+
+To display an image in HTML you use the `
+
+```
+
+Save the `index.html` file and open it in a browser to view Charles in all his glory.
+
+
+## Parent Directories
+
+What if you want to use the dog image in the `about` page? You would first have to go up one level out of the pages directory into its parent directory so you could then access the images directory.
+
+To go to the parent directory you need to use two dots in the relative filepath like this: `../.` Let’s see this in action, within the `body` of the `about.html` file, add the following image below the heading you added earlier:
+
+```html
+
+```
+
+To break this down:
+
+- First, you are going to the parent directory of the pages directory which is `odin-links-and-images`.
+
+- Then, from the parent directory, you can go into the `images` directory.
+
+- Finally, you can access the `dog.jpg` file.
+
+Using the metaphor we used earlier, using `../` in a filepath is kind of like stepping out from the room you are currently in to the main hallway so you can go to another room.
+
+## Alt attribute
+
+Besides the `src` attribute, every image element should also have an `alt` (alternative text) attribute.
+
+The `alt` attribute is used to describe an image. It will be used in place of the image if it cannot be loaded. It is also used with screen readers to describe what the image is to visually impaired users.
+
+This is how the The Odin Project logo example you used earlier looks with an alt attribute included:
+
+
+# --question--
+
+## --assignment--
+
+Read about the four main image formats that can be used on the web.
+
+## --text--
+
+What are the four main image formats that you can use for images on the web?
+
+## --answers--
+
+TIFF, GIF, PNG, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PNG, GIF, and SVG.
+
+---
+
+JPG, PDF, SVG, and GIF.
+
+## --video-solution--
+
+2
diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8698b62aca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-a.md
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+id: 637f4e5872c65bc8e73dfe27
+videoId: yqcd-XkxZNM
+title: Working With Text Question A
+challengeType: 15
+dashedName: working-with-text-question-a
+---
+
+# --description--
+
+What would you expect the following text to output on an HTML page?
+
+```html
+
+ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
+ incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
+
+ Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris
+ nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+
+```
+
+It looks like two paragraphs of text, and so you might expect it to display in that way. However that is not the case, as you can see in the output below:
+
+
+
+When the browser encounters new lines like this in your HTML, it will compress them down into one single space. The result of this compression is that all of the text is clumped together into one long line.
+
+If you want to create paragraphs in HTML, you need to use the paragraph element, which will add a newline after each of your paragraphs. A paragraph element is defined by wrapping text content with a `` tag. + +Changing our example from before to use paragraph elements fixes the issue: + + + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +Watch and follow along to Kevin Powell’s HTML Paragraph and Headings Video above. + +## --text-- + +How do you create a paragraph in HTML? + +## --answers-- + +`
This is a paragraph
` + +--- + +`This is a paragraph` + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..17d3c900359 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-b.md @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e5f72c65bc8e73dfe28 +title: Working With Text Question B +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-b +--- + +# --description-- + +Headings are different from other HTML text elements: they are displayed larger and bolder than other text to signify that they are headings. + +There are 6 different levels of headings starting from `Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two `p` elements in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the `body` tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship do two elements have if they are at the same level of nesting? + +## --answers-- + +The elements are each other's parents. + +--- + +The elements are each other's children. + +--- + +The elements are siblings. + +## --video-solution-- + +3 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7d440cfab25 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-f.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8072c65bc8e73dfe2c +title: Working With Text Question F +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-f +--- + +# --description-- + +You may have noticed that in all the examples in this lesson you indent any elements that are within other elements. This is known as nesting elements. + +When you nest elements within other elements, you create a parent and child relationship between them. The nested elements are the children and the element they are nested within is the parent. + +In the following example, the body element is the parent and the paragraph is the child: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+ + +``` + +Just as in human relationships, HTML parent elements can have many children. Elements at the same level of nesting are considered to be siblings. + +For example, the two paragraphs in the following code are siblings, since they are both children of the body tag and are at the same level of nesting as each other: + +```html + + + + +Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
+Ut enim ad minim veniam.
+ + +``` + +You use indentation to make the level of nesting clear and readable for yourselves and other developers who will work with your HTML in the future. It is recommended to indent any child elements by two spaces. + +The parent, child, and sibling relationships between elements will become much more important later when you start styling your HTML with CSS and adding behavior with JavaScript. For now, however, it is just important to know the distinction between how elements are related and the terminology used to describe their relationships. + +# --question-- + +## --text-- + +What relationship does an element have with any nested element within it? + +## --answers-- + +The element within the other element is called the parent element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the child element. + +--- + +The element within the other element is called the sibling element. + + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..5f5d141fa46 --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-g.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e8772c65bc8e73dfe2d +title: Working With Text Question G +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-g +--- + +# --description-- + +HTML comments are not visible to the browser; they allow us to comment on your code so that other developers or your future selves can read them and get some context about something that might not be clear in the code. + +Writing an HTML comment is simple: You just enclose the comment with ``tags. For example: + +```html +Some paragraph text
+ + +``` + +# --question-- + +## --assignment-- + +To get some practice working with text in HTML, create a plain blog article page which uses different headings, uses paragraphs, and has some text in the paragraphs bolded and italicized. You can use [Lorem Ipsum](https://loremipsum.io) to generate dummy text, in place of real text as you build your sites. + +## --text-- + +How do you create HTML comments? + +## --answers-- + +`/* This is an HTML comment */` + +--- + +`` + +--- + +`<-- This is an HTML comment --!>` + +## --video-solution-- + +2 diff --git a/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..c20b4de097a --- /dev/null +++ b/curriculum/challenges/portuguese/16-the-odin-project/top-working-with-text/working-with-text-question-h.md @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +--- +id: 637f4e3e72c65bc8e73dfe24 +videoId: kcHKFZBVtf4 +title: Working with Text Question H +challengeType: 15 +dashedName: working-with-text-question-h +--- + +# --description-- + +If you want to have a list of items where the order doesn’t matter, like a shopping list of items that can be bought in any order, then you can use an unordered list. + +Unordered lists are created using the `