freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/espanol/10-coding-interview-prep/data-structures/use-depth-first-search-in-a-binary-search-tree.md

id, title, challengeType, forumTopicId, dashedName

id	title	challengeType	forumTopicId	dashedName
587d8257367417b2b2512c7e	Usa Primera Búsqueda en Profundidad en un Árbol de Búsqueda Binaria	1	301719	use-depth-first-search-in-a-binary-search-tree

--description--

Conocemos como buscar un árbol de búsqueda binaria search para un valor específico. Pero qué pasa si solo queremos explorar el árbol entero? O ¿qué pasa si no tenemos un árbol ordenado y necesitamos buscar un valor? Aquí presentaremos algunos métodos de recorrido de árbol que pueden ser usados para explorar estructuras de datos árbol. El primero es búsqueda profundidad-primero (depth-first). En la búsqueda profundidad-primero, un sub árbol dado es explorado profundamente como sea posible antes que la búsqueda continue sobre otro sub árbol. Hay tres formas en las que esto puede hacerse: En orden (In-order): Inicia la búsqueda desde el nodo más a la izquierda y finaliza en el nodo más a la derecha. Pre ordenado (Pre-order): Explora todas las raíces antes que las hojas. Orden posterior (Post-order): Explora todas las hojas antes que las raíces. Como pudiste suponer, puedes escoger diferentes métodos de búsqueda dependiendo de que tipo de dato esta almacenando tu árbol y lo que estés buscando. Para una búsqueda de árbol binario, un recorrido en orden devuelve los nodos de forma ordenada.

--instructions--

Here we will create these three search methods on our binary search tree. Depth-first search is an inherently recursive operation which continues to explore further subtrees so long as child nodes are present. Once you understand this basic concept, you can simply rearrange the order in which you explore the nodes and subtrees to produce any of the three searches above. For example, in post-order search we would want to recurse all the way to a leaf node before we begin to return any of the nodes themselves, whereas in pre-order search we would want to return the nodes first, and then continue recursing down the tree. Define inorder, preorder, and postorder methods on our tree. Each of these methods should return an array of items which represent the tree traversal. Be sure to return the integer values at each node in the array, not the nodes themselves. Finally, return null if the tree is empty.

--hints--

The BinarySearchTree data structure should exist.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    }
    return typeof test == 'object';
  })()
);

The binary search tree should have a method called inorder.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    return typeof test.inorder == 'function';
  })()
);

The binary search tree should have a method called preorder.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    return typeof test.preorder == 'function';
  })()
);

The binary search tree should have a method called postorder.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    return typeof test.postorder == 'function';
  })()
);

The inorder method should return an array of the node values that result from an inorder traversal.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.inorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    test.add(7);
    test.add(1);
    test.add(9);
    test.add(0);
    test.add(3);
    test.add(8);
    test.add(10);
    test.add(2);
    test.add(5);
    test.add(4);
    test.add(6);
    return test.inorder().join('') == '012345678910';
  })()
);

The preorder method should return an array of the node values that result from a preorder traversal.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.preorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    test.add(7);
    test.add(1);
    test.add(9);
    test.add(0);
    test.add(3);
    test.add(8);
    test.add(10);
    test.add(2);
    test.add(5);
    test.add(4);
    test.add(6);
    return test.preorder().join('') == '710325469810';
  })()
);

The postorder method should return an array of the node values that result from a postorder traversal.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.postorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    test.add(7);
    test.add(1);
    test.add(9);
    test.add(0);
    test.add(3);
    test.add(8);
    test.add(10);
    test.add(2);
    test.add(5);
    test.add(4);
    test.add(6);
    return test.postorder().join('') == '024653181097';
  })()
);

The inorder method should return null for an empty tree.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.inorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    return test.inorder() == null;
  })()
);

The preorder method should return null for an empty tree.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.preorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    return test.preorder() == null;
  })()
);

The postorder method should return null for an empty tree.

assert(
  (function () {
    var test = false;
    if (typeof BinarySearchTree !== 'undefined') {
      test = new BinarySearchTree();
    } else {
      return false;
    }
    if (typeof test.postorder !== 'function') {
      return false;
    }
    return test.postorder() == null;
  })()
);

--seed--

--after-user-code--

BinarySearchTree.prototype = Object.assign(
  BinarySearchTree.prototype,
  {
    add: function(value) {
      function searchTree(node) {
        if (value < node.value) {
          if (node.left == null) {
            node.left = new Node(value);
            return;
          } else if (node.left != null) {
            return searchTree(node.left);
          }
        } else if (value > node.value) {
          if (node.right == null) {
            node.right = new Node(value);
            return;
          } else if (node.right != null) {
            return searchTree(node.right);
          }
        } else {
          return null;
        }
      }

      var node = this.root;
      if (node == null) {
        this.root = new Node(value);
        return;
      } else {
        return searchTree(node);
      }
    }
  }
);

--seed-contents--

var displayTree = tree => console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2));
function Node(value) {
  this.value = value;
  this.left = null;
  this.right = null;
}
function BinarySearchTree() {
  this.root = null;
  // Only change code below this line

  // Only change code above this line
}

--solutions--

var displayTree = tree => console.log(JSON.stringify(tree, null, 2));
function Node(value) {
  this.value = value;
  this.left = null;
  this.right = null;
}
function BinarySearchTree() {
  this.root = null;
  this.result = [];

  this.inorder = function(node) {
    if (!node) node = this.root;
    if (!node) return null;

    if (node.left) this.inorder(node.left);
    this.result.push(node.value);
    if (node.right) this.inorder(node.right);
    return this.result;
  };
  this.preorder = function(node) {
    if (!node) node = this.root;
    if (!node) return null;

    this.result.push(node.value);
    if (node.left) this.preorder(node.left);
    if (node.right) this.preorder(node.right);
    return this.result;
  };
  this.postorder = function(node) {
    if (!node) node = this.root;
    if (!node) return null;

    if (node.left) this.postorder(node.left);
    if (node.right) this.postorder(node.right);
    this.result.push(node.value);

    return this.result;
  };
}