impala/docs/topics/impala_impala_shell.xml

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<!DOCTYPE concept PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Concept//EN" "concept.dtd">
<concept id="impala_shell">

  <title>Using the Impala Shell (impala-shell Command)</title>
  <titlealts audience="PDF"><navtitle>The Impala Shell</navtitle></titlealts>
  <prolog>
    <metadata>
      <data name="Category" value="Impala"/>
      <data name="Category" value="impala-shell"/>
      <data name="Category" value="SQL"/>
      <data name="Category" value="Querying"/>
      <data name="Category" value="Data Analysts"/>
      <data name="Category" value="Developers"/>
      <data name="Category" value="Stub Pages"/>
    </metadata>
  </prolog>

  <conbody>

    <p>
      <indexterm audience="hidden">impala-shell</indexterm>
      You can use the Impala shell tool (<codeph>impala-shell</codeph>) to set up databases and tables, insert
      data, and issue queries. For ad hoc queries and exploration, you can submit SQL statements in an interactive
      session. To automate your work, you can specify command-line options to process a single statement or a
      script file. The <cmdname>impala-shell</cmdname> interpreter accepts all the same SQL statements listed in
      <xref href="impala_langref_sql.xml#langref_sql"/>, plus some shell-only commands that you can use for tuning
      performance and diagnosing problems.
    </p>

    <p>
      The <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> command fits into the familiar Unix toolchain:
    </p>

    <ul>
      <li>
        The <codeph>-q</codeph> option lets you issue a single query from the command line, without starting the
        interactive interpreter. You could use this option to run <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> from inside a shell
        script or with the command invocation syntax from a Python, Perl, or other kind of script.
      </li>

      <li>
        The <codeph>-f</codeph> option lets you process a file containing multiple SQL statements,
        such as a set of reports or DDL statements to create a group of tables and views.
      </li>

      <li rev="2.5.0 IMPALA-2179">
        The <codeph>--var</codeph> option lets you pass substitution variables to the statements that
        are executed by that <cmdname>impala-shell</cmdname> session, for example the statements
        in a script file processed by the <codeph>-f</codeph> option. You encode the substitution variable
        on the command line using the notation
        <codeph>--var=<varname>variable_name</varname>=<varname>value</varname></codeph>.
        Within a SQL statement, you substitute the value by using the notation <codeph>${var:<varname>variable_name</varname>}</codeph>.
        This feature is available in <keyword keyref="impala25_full"/> and higher.
      </li>

      <li>
        The <codeph>-o</codeph> option lets you save query output to a file.
      </li>

      <li>
        The <codeph>-B</codeph> option turns off pretty-printing, so that you can produce comma-separated,
        tab-separated, or other delimited text files as output. (Use the <codeph>--output_delimiter</codeph> option
        to choose the delimiter character; the default is the tab character.)
      </li>

      <li>
        In non-interactive mode, query output is printed to <codeph>stdout</codeph> or to the file specified by the
        <codeph>-o</codeph> option, while incidental output is printed to <codeph>stderr</codeph>, so that you can
        process just the query output as part of a Unix pipeline.
      </li>

      <li>
        In interactive mode, <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> uses the <codeph>readline</codeph> facility to recall
        and edit previous commands.
      </li>
    </ul>

    <p>
      For information on installing the Impala shell, see <xref href="impala_install.xml#install"/>.
    </p>

    <p> For information about establishing a connection to a coordinator Impala
      daemon through the <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> command, see <xref
        href="impala_connecting.xml#connecting"/>. </p>

    <p>
      For a list of the <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> command-line options, see
      <xref href="impala_shell_options.xml#shell_options"/>. For reference information about the
      <codeph>impala-shell</codeph> interactive commands, see
      <xref href="impala_shell_commands.xml#shell_commands"/>.
    </p>

    <p outputclass="toc"/>
  </conbody>
</concept>