Refactor languages module: separate client and server code (#57949)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

next.config.ts

@@ -4,14 +4,9 @@ import type { NextConfig } from 'next'
 
 import frontmatter from '@gr2m/gray-matter'
 import { getLogLevelNumber } from '@/observability/logger/lib/log-levels'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 const ROOT = process.env.ROOT || '.'
-
-// Language keys are defined here because Next.js config compilation doesn't resolve the @/ path alias
-// Importing from src/languages/lib/languages.ts would fail when it tries to import @/frame/lib/constants
-// This must match the languages defined in src/languages/lib/languages.ts
-const languageKeys = ['en', 'es', 'ja', 'pt', 'zh', 'ru', 'fr', 'ko', 'de']
-
 const homepage = path.posix.join(ROOT, 'content/index.md')
 const { data } = frontmatter(fs.readFileSync(homepage, 'utf8'))
 const productIds = data.children as string[]

src/app/client-layout.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { initializeEvents } from '@/events/components/events'
 import { CTAPopoverProvider } from '@/frame/components/context/CTAContext'
 import { SharedUIContextProvider } from '@/frame/components/context/SharedUIContext'
 import { LanguagesContext, LanguagesContextT } from '@/languages/components/LanguagesContext'
-import { clientLanguages, type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { languages, type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { MainContextProvider } from '@/app/components/MainContextProvider'
 import { createMinimalMainContext } from '@/app/lib/main-context-adapter'
 import type { AppRouterContext } from '@/app/lib/app-router-context'
@@ -31,16 +31,11 @@ interface ClientLayoutProps {
 
 export function ClientLayout({ children, appContext, pageData }: ClientLayoutProps): JSX.Element {
   const { theme } = useTheme()
-  const locale: ClientLanguageCode = useDetectLocale()
+  const locale: LanguageCode = useDetectLocale()
   const [isInitialized, setIsInitialized] = useState(false)
   const [initializationError, setInitializationError] = useState<Error | null>(null)
 
-  const languagesContext: LanguagesContextT = useMemo(
-    () => ({
-      languages: clientLanguages,
-    }),
-    [],
-  )
+  const languagesContext: LanguagesContextT = useMemo(() => ({ languages }), [])
 
   // Create MainContext-compatible data for App Router
   const mainContext = useMemo(

src/app/components/AppRouterLanguagesContext.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use client'
 
 import { createContext, useContext } from 'react'
-import { clientLanguages, type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { languages, type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 export type AppRouterLanguageItem = {
   name: string
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export type AppRouterLanguageItem = {
 
 export type AppRouterLanguagesContextT = {
   languages: Record<string, AppRouterLanguageItem>
-  currentLanguage?: ClientLanguageCode
+  currentLanguage?: LanguageCode
 }
 
 export const AppRouterLanguagesContext = createContext<AppRouterLanguagesContextT | null>(null)
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const useAppRouterLanguages = (): AppRouterLanguagesContextT => {
  */
 interface AppRouterLanguagesProviderProps {
   children: React.ReactNode
-  currentLanguage?: ClientLanguageCode
+  currentLanguage?: LanguageCode
 }
 
 export function AppRouterLanguagesProvider({
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export function AppRouterLanguagesProvider({
   currentLanguage,
 }: AppRouterLanguagesProviderProps) {
   const value: AppRouterLanguagesContextT = {
-    languages: clientLanguages,
+    languages,
     currentLanguage,
   }
 

src/app/components/ServerFooter.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { getUIDataMerged } from '@/data-directory/lib/get-data'
 import { createTranslationFunctions } from '@/languages/lib/translation-utils'
 import { LinkExternalIcon } from '@primer/octicons-react'
-import type { ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import type { LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 interface ServerFooterProps {
-  currentLanguage: ClientLanguageCode
+  currentLanguage: LanguageCode
 }
 
 export function ServerFooter({ currentLanguage }: ServerFooterProps) {

src/app/lib/app-router-context.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import { getUIDataMerged } from '@/data-directory/lib/get-data'
-import { type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { translate } from '@/languages/lib/translation-utils'
 import { extractLanguageFromPath } from '@/app/lib/language-utils'
 
 export interface AppRouterContext {
-  currentLanguage: ClientLanguageCode
+  currentLanguage: LanguageCode
   currentVersion: string
   sitename: string
   site: {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export interface AppRouterContext {
  */
 export function createAppRouterContext(
   pathname: string = '/',
-  fallbackLanguage?: ClientLanguageCode,
+  fallbackLanguage?: LanguageCode,
 ): AppRouterContext {
   let language = extractLanguageFromPath(pathname)
 

src/app/lib/language-utils.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-import { clientLanguageKeys, type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { languageKeys, type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 /**
  * Extract language from URL path
  * Handles paths like /en/something, /es/articles, etc.
  */
-export function extractLanguageFromPath(path: string): ClientLanguageCode {
+export function extractLanguageFromPath(path: string): LanguageCode {
   try {
     const pathSegments = path.split('/')
     const firstSegment = pathSegments[1]
 
-    if (firstSegment && clientLanguageKeys.includes(firstSegment)) {
-      return firstSegment as ClientLanguageCode
+    if (firstSegment && languageKeys.includes(firstSegment)) {
+      return firstSegment as LanguageCode
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.warn('Failed to extract language from path:', error)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export function extractLanguageFromPath(path: string): ClientLanguageCode {
 export function hasLanguagePrefix(path: string): boolean {
   const pathSegments = path.split('/')
   const firstSegment = pathSegments[1]
-  return Boolean(firstSegment && clientLanguageKeys.includes(firstSegment))
+  return Boolean(firstSegment && languageKeys.includes(firstSegment))
 }
 
 /**
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function stripLanguagePrefix(path: string): string {
  * Add language prefix to path if it doesn't have one
  * e.g., /articles/example + 'es' -> /es/articles/example
  */
-export function addLanguagePrefix(path: string, language: ClientLanguageCode): string {
+export function addLanguagePrefix(path: string, language: LanguageCode): string {
   if (hasLanguagePrefix(path)) {
     return path
   }

src/app/lib/locale-context.tsx

@@ -1,55 +1,51 @@
 'use client'
 
 import { createContext, useContext, ReactNode, useMemo } from 'react'
-import {
-  clientLanguages,
-  clientLanguageKeys,
-  type ClientLanguageCode,
-} from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { languages, languageKeys, type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 interface LocaleContextType {
-  readonly locale: ClientLanguageCode
-  readonly isValidLocale: (locale: string) => locale is ClientLanguageCode
-  readonly getSupportedLocales: () => readonly ClientLanguageCode[]
-  readonly getLocaleDisplayName: (locale: ClientLanguageCode) => string
-  readonly getLocaleNativeName: (locale: ClientLanguageCode) => string
+  readonly locale: LanguageCode
+  readonly isValidLocale: (locale: string) => locale is LanguageCode
+  readonly getSupportedLocales: () => readonly LanguageCode[]
+  readonly getLocaleDisplayName: (locale: LanguageCode) => string
+  readonly getLocaleNativeName: (locale: LanguageCode) => string
 }
 
 const LocaleContext = createContext<LocaleContextType | null>(null)
 
 interface LocaleProviderProps {
   readonly children: ReactNode
-  readonly locale: ClientLanguageCode
+  readonly locale: LanguageCode
 }
 
 // Use client languages as the source of truth for supported locales
-const SUPPORTED_LOCALES: readonly ClientLanguageCode[] = clientLanguageKeys as ClientLanguageCode[]
+const SUPPORTED_LOCALES: readonly LanguageCode[] = languageKeys as LanguageCode[]
 
 /**
  * Validates if a string is a supported locale
  */
-function isValidLocale(locale: string): locale is ClientLanguageCode {
-  return clientLanguageKeys.includes(locale)
+function isValidLocale(locale: string): locale is LanguageCode {
+  return languageKeys.includes(locale)
 }
 
 /**
- * Gets display name for a locale from client languages data
+ * Gets display name for a locale from languages module
  */
-function getLocaleDisplayName(locale: ClientLanguageCode): string {
-  return clientLanguages[locale]?.name || locale
+function getLocaleDisplayName(locale: LanguageCode): string {
+  return languages[locale]?.name || locale
 }
 
 /**
- * Gets native name for a locale from client languages data
+ * Gets native name for a locale from languages module
  */
-function getLocaleNativeName(locale: ClientLanguageCode): string {
-  return clientLanguages[locale]?.nativeName || clientLanguages[locale]?.name || locale
+function getLocaleNativeName(locale: LanguageCode): string {
+  return languages[locale]?.nativeName || languages[locale]?.name || locale
 }
 
 /**
  * Gets browser language preference as a valid locale
  */
-function getBrowserLocale(): ClientLanguageCode {
+function getBrowserLocale(): LanguageCode {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') return 'en'
 
   const browserLang = window.navigator.language.split('-')[0]
@@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ export function LocaleProvider({ children, locale }: LocaleProviderProps): JSX.E
 /**
  * Hook to get current locale with enhanced error handling
  */
-export function useLocale(): ClientLanguageCode {
+export function useLocale(): LanguageCode {
   const context = useContext(LocaleContext)
 
   if (context) {
@@ -118,4 +114,4 @@ export function useLocaleContext(): LocaleContextType {
 }
 
 export { isValidLocale, getLocaleDisplayName, getLocaleNativeName }
-export type { LocaleContextType, ClientLanguageCode }
+export type { LocaleContextType, LanguageCode }

src/app/lib/server-context-utils.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { extractLanguageFromPath } from '@/app/lib/language-utils'
 import { extractVersionFromPath } from '@/app/lib/version-utils'
 import { getUIDataMerged } from '@/data-directory/lib/get-data'
-import { type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { createTranslationFunctions, translate } from '@/languages/lib/translation-utils'
 
 export interface ServerAppRouterContext {
-  currentLanguage: ClientLanguageCode
+  currentLanguage: LanguageCode
   currentVersion: string
   sitename: string
   site: { data: { ui: any } }
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function createServerAppRouterContext(pathname: string): ServerAppRouterC
 /**
  * Create server-side footer with translations
  */
-export function createServerFooterContent(language: ClientLanguageCode) {
+export function createServerFooterContent(language: LanguageCode) {
   const uiData = getUIDataMerged(language)
   const { t } = createTranslationFunctions(uiData, 'footer')
 

src/app/lib/use-detect-locale.tsx

@@ -2,24 +2,24 @@
 
 import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation'
 import { useMemo, useEffect, useState } from 'react'
-import { clientLanguageKeys, type ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import { languageKeys, type LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import Cookies from '@/frame/components/lib/cookies'
 import { USER_LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
 
 /**
  * Validates if a string is a supported locale using client languages
  */
-function isValidLocale(locale: string): locale is ClientLanguageCode {
-  return clientLanguageKeys.includes(locale)
+function isValidLocale(locale: string): locale is LanguageCode {
+  return languageKeys.includes(locale)
 }
 
 /**
  * Hook to detect locale from various sources with fallback logic
  */
-export function useDetectLocale(): ClientLanguageCode {
+export function useDetectLocale(): LanguageCode {
   const pathname = usePathname()
-  const [cookieLanguage, setCookieLanguage] = useState<ClientLanguageCode | null>(null)
-  const [browserLanguage, setBrowserLanguage] = useState<ClientLanguageCode | null>(null)
+  const [cookieLanguage, setCookieLanguage] = useState<LanguageCode | null>(null)
+  const [browserLanguage, setBrowserLanguage] = useState<LanguageCode | null>(null)
 
   // Read cookie and browser language on client-side mount
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export function useDetectLocale(): ClientLanguageCode {
 /**
  * Utility function to detect locale from pathname (for server-side use)
  */
-export function detectLocaleFromPath(pathname: string): ClientLanguageCode {
+export function detectLocaleFromPath(pathname: string): LanguageCode {
   const pathSegments = pathname.split('/')
   const firstSegment = pathSegments[1]
 
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ export function detectLocaleFromPath(pathname: string): ClientLanguageCode {
   return 'en'
 }
 
-export function getSupportedLocales(): readonly ClientLanguageCode[] {
-  return clientLanguageKeys as ClientLanguageCode[]
+export function getSupportedLocales(): readonly LanguageCode[] {
+  return languageKeys as LanguageCode[]
 }
 
 export { isValidLocale }

src/app/types.ts

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
  * Enhanced type definitions for the app router with strict validation
  */
 
-import type { ClientLanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/client-languages'
+import type { LanguageCode } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 
 // Core theme types with strict validation
 export type Theme = 'light' | 'dark' | 'auto'
 export type ColorMode = 'light' | 'dark'
 
-// Re-export locale type from client-languages for consistency
-export type Locale = ClientLanguageCode
+// Re-export locale type from languages.ts for consistency
+export type Locale = LanguageCode
 
 // Version and product identifiers with validation
 export type VersionId = string

src/archives/middleware/archived-enterprise-versions.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { isArchivedVersion } from '@/archives/lib/is-archived-version'
 import { setFastlySurrogateKey, SURROGATE_ENUMS } from '@/frame/middleware/set-fastly-surrogate-key'
 import { readCompressedJsonFileFallbackLazily } from '@/frame/lib/read-json-file'
 import { archivedCacheControl, languageCacheControl } from '@/frame/middleware/cache-control'
-import { pathLanguagePrefixed, languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { pathLanguagePrefixed, languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import getRedirect, { splitPathByLanguage } from '@/redirects/lib/get-redirect'
 import getRemoteJSON from '@/frame/lib/get-remote-json'
 import { ExtendedRequest } from '@/types'

src/article-api/scripts/precompute-pageinfo.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import { brotliCompressSync } from 'zlib'
 import chalk from 'chalk'
 import { program, Option } from 'commander'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { loadPages, loadUnversionedTree } from '@/frame/lib/page-data'
 import { CACHE_FILE_PATH, getPageInfo } from '../middleware/article-pageinfo'
 

src/assets/scripts/find-orphaned-assets.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { program } from 'commander'
 import walk from 'walk-sync'
 
 import walkFiles from '@/workflows/walk-files'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 const EXCEPTIONS = new Set([
   'assets/images/site/favicon.ico',

src/codeql-cli/scripts/convert-markdown-for-docs.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { visitParents } from 'unist-util-visit-parents'
 import { visit, SKIP } from 'unist-util-visit'
 import { remove } from 'unist-util-remove'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { MARKDOWN_OPTIONS } from '../../content-linter/lib/helpers/unified-formatter-options'
 
 interface Config {

src/content-linter/lib/linting-rules/internal-links-no-lang.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import { filterTokens } from 'markdownlint-rule-helpers'
 
 import { addFixErrorDetail, getRange } from '../helpers/utils'
-import { allLanguageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import type { RuleParams, RuleErrorCallback, Rule } from '../../types'
 
 export const internalLinksNoLang: Rule = {
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export const internalLinksNoLang: Rule = {
           .filter((attr: [string, string]) => attr[1].startsWith('/') || !attr[1].startsWith('//'))
           // Filter out link paths that start with language code
           .filter((attr: [string, string]) =>
-            allLanguageKeys.some((lang) => attr[1].split('/')[1] === lang),
+            languageKeys.some((lang) => attr[1].split('/')[1] === lang),
           )
           // Get the link path from the attribute
           .map((attr: [string, string]) => attr[1])

src/content-linter/scripts/lint-content.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { defaultConfig } from '../lib/default-markdownlint-options'
 import { prettyPrintResults } from './pretty-print-results'
 import { getLintableYml } from '@/content-linter/lib/helpers/get-lintable-yml'
 import { printAnnotationResults } from '../lib/helpers/print-annotations'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { shouldIncludeResult } from '../lib/helpers/should-include-result'
 
 program

src/content-linter/tests/lint-files.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import walk from 'walk-sync'
 import { zip } from 'lodash-es'
 import { beforeAll, describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { getDiffFiles } from '../lib/diff-files'
 
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url))

src/content-render/scripts/all-documents/cli.ts

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ import { writeFileSync, statSync } from 'fs'
 
 import { program, Option } from 'commander'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import { allDocuments, POSSIBLE_FIELDS, type AllDocument } from './lib'
 

src/content-render/tests/data.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
 import Page from '@/frame/lib/page'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion from '@/versions/lib/non-enterprise-default-version'
 import { DataDirectory } from '@/tests/helpers/data-directory'
 

src/content-render/tests/liquid-helpers.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 
 import { liquid } from '@/content-render/index'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { DataDirectory } from '@/tests/helpers/data-directory'
 
 describe('liquid helper tags', () => {

src/data-directory/lib/get-data.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import yaml from 'js-yaml'
 import matter from '@gr2m/gray-matter'
 import { merge, get } from 'lodash-es'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { correctTranslatedContentStrings } from '@/languages/lib/correct-translation-content'
 
 interface YAMLException extends Error {

src/data-directory/scripts/find-orphaned-features/delete.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import fs from 'fs'
 import path from 'path'
 
 import chalk from 'chalk'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 type Options = {
   verbose?: boolean

src/data-directory/scripts/find-orphaned-features/find.ts

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ import type { Page } from '@/types'
 import warmServer from '@/frame/lib/warm-server'
 import { getDeepDataByLanguage } from '@/data-directory/lib/get-data'
 import { getLiquidTokens } from '@/content-linter/lib/helpers/liquid-utils'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { correctTranslatedContentStrings } from '@/languages/lib/correct-translation-content'
 
 const EXCEPTIONS = new Set([

src/data-directory/tests/get-data.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from 'path'
 
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import {
   getDataByLanguage,
   getDeepDataByLanguage,

src/early-access/tests/early-access-unit.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 import { get, getDOM } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 
 import { describeIfDocsEarlyAccess } from '@/tests/helpers/conditional-runs'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 const VALID_EARLY_ACCESS_URI = '/early-access/github/save-time-with-slash-commands'
 

src/events/lib/schema.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersionKeys } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import { productIds } from '@/products/lib/all-products'
 import { allTools } from '@/tools/lib/all-tools'

src/frame/lib/page-data.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import path from 'path'
 
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import type { Language } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import type { UnversionedTree, UnversionLanguageTree, SiteTree, Tree } from '@/types'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import createTree from './create-tree'
 import nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion from '@/versions/lib/non-enterprise-default-version'

src/frame/middleware/context/context.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { NextFunction, Response } from 'express'
 
 import type { ExtendedRequest, Context } from '@/types'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import enterpriseServerReleases from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import { productMap } from '@/products/lib/all-products'

src/frame/middleware/context/product-groups.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { Response, NextFunction } from 'express'
 import type { ExtendedRequest } from '@/types'
 import { getProductGroups } from '@/products/lib/get-product-groups'
 import warmServer from '@/frame/lib/warm-server'
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersionKeys } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 
 const isHomepage = (path: string) => {

src/frame/middleware/find-page.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type { Response, NextFunction } from 'express'
 
 import { ROOT } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
 import Page from '@/frame/lib/page'
-import { languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import type { ExtendedRequest } from '@/types'
 
 interface FindPageOptions {

src/frame/middleware/helmet.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { shouldUseAppRouter, isVersionedPath } from '@/app/lib/routing-patterns'
 import { isArchivedVersion } from '@/archives/lib/is-archived-version'
-import { languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languagePrefixPathRegex } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import versionSatisfiesRange from '@/versions/lib/version-satisfies-range'
 import type { NextFunction, Request, Response } from 'express'
 import helmet from 'helmet'

src/frame/middleware/llms-txt.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type { ExtendedRequest } from '@/types'
 import { defaultCacheControl } from '@/frame/middleware/cache-control'
 import catchMiddlewareError from '@/observability/middleware/catch-middleware-error'
 import statsd from '@/observability/lib/statsd'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 
 const router = express.Router()

src/frame/middleware/reload-tree.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import path from 'path'
 import type { Response, NextFunction } from 'express'
 
 import type { ExtendedRequest, UnversionedTree, SiteTree } from '@/types'
-import languages, { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages, { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import createTree from '@/frame/lib/create-tree'
 import warmServer from '@/frame/lib/warm-server'
 import { loadSiteTree, loadPages, loadPageMap } from '@/frame/lib/page-data'

src/frame/tests/pages.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { decode } from 'html-entities'
 import { chain, pick } from 'lodash-es'
 
 import { loadPages } from '@/frame/lib/page-data'
-import libLanguages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import libLanguages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { liquid } from '@/content-render/index'
 import patterns from '@/frame/lib/patterns'
 import removeFPTFromPath from '@/versions/lib/remove-fpt-from-path'

src/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/archive-version.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import createApp from '@/frame/lib/app'
 import EnterpriseServerReleases from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases'
 import loadRedirects from '@/redirects/lib/precompile'
 import { loadPageMap, loadPages } from '@/frame/lib/page-data'
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { RewriteAssetPathsPlugin } from '@/ghes-releases/scripts/deprecate/rewrite-asset-paths'
 import Page from '@/frame/lib/page'
 

src/graphql/lib/index.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import {
   readCompressedJsonFileFallback,
 } from '@/frame/lib/read-json-file'
 import { getAutomatedPageMiniTocItems } from '@/frame/lib/get-mini-toc-items'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 interface GraphqlContext {
   currentLanguage: string

src/languages/lib/client-languages.ts

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-import type { LanguageItem } from '@/languages/components/LanguagesContext'
-
-/**
- * Client-safe language data extracted from src/languages/lib/languages.ts.
- * Only used by frontend components.
- * Does not include server-side logic or Node.js-specific fs or path operations.
- */
-export const clientLanguages: Record<string, LanguageItem> = {
-  en: {
-    name: 'English',
-    code: 'en',
-    nativeName: 'English',
-    hreflang: 'en',
-  },
-  es: {
-    name: 'Spanish',
-    code: 'es',
-    nativeName: 'Español',
-    hreflang: 'es',
-  },
-  ja: {
-    name: 'Japanese',
-    code: 'ja',
-    nativeName: '日本語',
-    hreflang: 'ja',
-  },
-  pt: {
-    name: 'Portuguese',
-    code: 'pt',
-    nativeName: 'Português do Brasil',
-    hreflang: 'pt',
-  },
-  zh: {
-    name: 'Simplified Chinese',
-    code: 'zh',
-    nativeName: '简体中文',
-    hreflang: 'zh-Hans',
-  },
-  ru: {
-    name: 'Russian',
-    code: 'ru',
-    nativeName: 'Русский',
-    hreflang: 'ru',
-  },
-  fr: {
-    name: 'French',
-    code: 'fr',
-    nativeName: 'Français',
-    hreflang: 'fr',
-  },
-  ko: {
-    name: 'Korean',
-    code: 'ko',
-    nativeName: '한국어',
-    hreflang: 'ko',
-  },
-  de: {
-    name: 'German',
-    code: 'de',
-    nativeName: 'Deutsch',
-    hreflang: 'de',
-  },
-}
-
-export const clientLanguageKeys: string[] = Object.keys(clientLanguages)
-
-export type ClientLanguageCode = keyof typeof clientLanguages

src/languages/lib/get-alert-titles.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import fs from 'fs/promises'
 import path from 'path'
 import yaml from 'js-yaml'
-import languages from './languages'
+import languages from './languages-server'
 
 const cache: Record<string, any> = {}
 

src/languages/lib/languages-server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+This file adds the following properties to languages in ./languages.ts:
+- dir: string
+
+This file will also remove languages for local development and tests
+that have not be specified by ENABLED_LANGUAGES
+*/
+
+import path from 'path'
+import fs from 'fs'
+import dotenv from 'dotenv'
+
+import { ROOT, TRANSLATIONS_ROOT, TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
+import { languages as baseLanguages, type Language as BaseLanguage } from './languages'
+
+dotenv.config({ quiet: true })
+
+// Server-side language extends base language with required dir property
+export interface Language extends BaseLanguage {
+  dir: string
+}
+
+export interface Languages {
+  [code: string]: Language
+}
+
+function getRoot(languageCode: string): string {
+  if (languageCode === 'en') return ROOT
+
+  // This one trumps anything else. This makes it possible, and convenient,
+  // for running tests that depends on testing translations based on
+  // fixtures exclusively.
+  if (TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT) {
+    return path.join(TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT, languageCode)
+  }
+
+  // example: process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_ES_ES
+  const possibleEnvVar =
+    process.env[`TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_${languageCode.toUpperCase().replace(/-/g, '_')}`]
+  if (possibleEnvVar) {
+    return possibleEnvVar
+  }
+
+  // Default
+  return path.join(TRANSLATIONS_ROOT, languageCode)
+}
+
+// Build server languages with directory paths
+const allLanguagesWithDirs: Languages = {}
+for (const [code, lang] of Object.entries(baseLanguages)) {
+  allLanguagesWithDirs[code] = {
+    ...lang,
+    dir: getRoot(lang.locale || code),
+  }
+}
+
+Object.freeze(allLanguagesWithDirs)
+
+const languages: Languages = { ...allLanguagesWithDirs }
+
+if (TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT) {
+  // Keep all languages that have a directory in the fixture root.
+  Object.entries(languages).forEach(([code, { dir }]) => {
+    if (code !== 'en' && !fs.existsSync(dir)) {
+      delete languages[code]
+    }
+  })
+} else if (process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES) {
+  if (process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES.toLowerCase() !== 'all') {
+    Object.keys(languages).forEach((code) => {
+      if (!process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES!.includes(code)) {
+        delete languages[code]
+      }
+    })
+    // This makes the translation health report not valid JSON
+    // console.log(`ENABLED_LANGUAGES: ${process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES}`)
+  }
+} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test') {
+  // Unless explicitly set, when running tests default to just English
+  Object.keys(languages).forEach((code) => {
+    if (code !== 'en') delete languages[code]
+  })
+}
+
+export const languageKeys: string[] = Object.keys(languages)
+
+export const languagePrefixPathRegex: RegExp = new RegExp(`^/(${languageKeys.join('|')})(/|$)`)
+
+/** Return true if the URL is something like /en/foo or /ja but return false
+ * if it's something like /foo or /foo/bar or /fr (because French (fr)
+ * is currently not an active language)
+ */
+export function pathLanguagePrefixed(path: string): boolean {
+  return languagePrefixPathRegex.test(path)
+}
+
+export default languages

src/languages/lib/languages.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,15 @@
 // See also languages-schema.ts
 // Nota bene: If you are adding a new language,
 // change accept-language handling in CDN config as well.
-import path from 'path'
-import fs from 'fs'
 
-import dotenv from 'dotenv'
-
-import { ROOT, TRANSLATIONS_ROOT, TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
-
-dotenv.config({ quiet: true })
-
-export interface Language {
-  name: string
-  nativeName?: string
-  code: string
-  hreflang: string
-  redirectPatterns?: RegExp[]
-  dir: string
-}
+/**
+ * Client-safe language definitions without server-side dependencies.
+ * For server-side usage with fs/path operations, import from './languages-server.ts'
+ */
 
 export type LanguageCode = 'en' | 'es' | 'ja' | 'pt' | 'zh' | 'ru' | 'fr' | 'ko' | 'de'
 export type LocaleCode =
+  | 'en'
   | 'es-es'
   | 'ja-jp'
   | 'pt-br'
@@ -30,57 +19,35 @@ export type LocaleCode =
   | 'ko-kr'
   | 'de-de'
 
+export interface Language {
+  name: string
+  nativeName?: string
+  code: LanguageCode
+  hreflang: string
+  locale: LocaleCode
+  redirectPatterns?: RegExp[]
+  dir?: string
+}
+
 export interface Languages {
   [code: string]: Language
 }
 
-const possibleEnvVars: Record<LocaleCode, string | undefined> = {
-  'es-es': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_ES_ES,
-  'ja-jp': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_JA_JP,
-  'pt-br': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_PT_BR,
-  'zh-cn': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_ZH_CN,
-  'ru-ru': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_RU_RU,
-  'fr-fr': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_FR_FR,
-  'ko-kr': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_KO_KR,
-  'de-de': process.env.TRANSLATIONS_ROOT_DE_DE,
-}
-
-function getRoot(languageCode: string): string {
-  if (languageCode === 'en') return ROOT
-
-  // This one trumps anything else. This makes it possible, and convenient,
-  // for running tests that depends on testing translations based on
-  // fixtures exclusively.
-  if (TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT) {
-    return path.join(TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT, languageCode)
-  }
-
-  if (languageCode in possibleEnvVars) {
-    const possibleEnvVar = possibleEnvVars[languageCode as LocaleCode]
-    if (possibleEnvVar) {
-      return possibleEnvVar
-    }
-  } else {
-    console.warn(`Not recognized languageCode '${languageCode}'`)
-  }
-  // Default
-  return path.join(TRANSLATIONS_ROOT, languageCode)
-}
-
 // Languages in order of accept-language header frequency
-const allLanguages: Languages = {
+// Note: 'dir' is omitted here as it requires server-side path resolution
+export const languages: Languages = {
   en: {
     name: 'English',
     code: 'en',
     hreflang: 'en',
-    dir: getRoot('en'),
+    locale: 'en',
   },
   es: {
     name: 'Spanish',
     nativeName: 'Español',
     code: 'es',
     hreflang: 'es',
-    dir: getRoot('es-es'),
+    locale: 'es-es',
   },
   ja: {
     name: 'Japanese',
@@ -88,7 +55,7 @@ const allLanguages: Languages = {
     code: 'ja',
     hreflang: 'ja',
     redirectPatterns: [/^\/jp/],
-    dir: getRoot('ja-jp'),
+    locale: 'ja-jp',
   },
   pt: {
     name: 'Portuguese',
@@ -96,7 +63,7 @@ const allLanguages: Languages = {
     code: 'pt',
     hreflang: 'pt',
     redirectPatterns: [/^\/br/],
-    dir: getRoot('pt-br'),
+    locale: 'pt-br',
   },
   zh: {
     name: 'Simplified Chinese',
@@ -104,21 +71,21 @@ const allLanguages: Languages = {
     code: 'zh',
     hreflang: 'zh-Hans',
     redirectPatterns: [/^\/cn/, /^\/zh-\w{2}/],
-    dir: getRoot('zh-cn'),
+    locale: 'zh-cn',
   },
   ru: {
     name: 'Russian',
     nativeName: 'Русский',
     code: 'ru',
     hreflang: 'ru',
-    dir: getRoot('ru-ru'),
+    locale: 'ru-ru',
   },
   fr: {
     name: 'French',
     nativeName: 'Français',
     code: 'fr',
     hreflang: 'fr',
-    dir: getRoot('fr-fr'),
+    locale: 'fr-fr',
   },
   ko: {
     name: 'Korean',
@@ -126,59 +93,16 @@ const allLanguages: Languages = {
     code: 'ko',
     hreflang: 'ko',
     redirectPatterns: [/^\/kr/],
-    dir: getRoot('ko-kr'),
+    locale: 'ko-kr',
   },
   de: {
     name: 'German',
     nativeName: 'Deutsch',
     code: 'de',
     hreflang: 'de',
-    dir: getRoot('de-de'),
+    locale: 'de-de',
   },
 }
 
-// Some markdownlint tests depend on having access to all
-// language keys. Not modifying the original object makes
-// it possible to export all keys, even when those directories
-// don't exist on disk.
-Object.freeze(allLanguages)
-export const allLanguageKeys: string[] = Object.keys(allLanguages)
-const languages: Languages = { ...allLanguages }
-
-if (TRANSLATIONS_FIXTURE_ROOT) {
-  // Keep all languages that have a directory in the fixture root.
-  Object.entries(languages).forEach(([code, { dir }]) => {
-    if (code !== 'en' && !fs.existsSync(dir)) {
-      delete languages[code]
-    }
-  })
-} else if (process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES) {
-  if (process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES.toLowerCase() !== 'all') {
-    Object.keys(languages).forEach((code) => {
-      if (!process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES!.includes(code)) {
-        delete languages[code]
-      }
-    })
-    // This makes the translation health report not valid JSON
-    // console.log(`ENABLED_LANGUAGES: ${process.env.ENABLED_LANGUAGES}`)
-  }
-} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test') {
-  // Unless explicitly set, when running tests default to just English
-  Object.keys(languages).forEach((code) => {
-    if (code !== 'en') delete languages[code]
-  })
-}
-
+Object.freeze(languages)
 export const languageKeys: string[] = Object.keys(languages)
-
-export const languagePrefixPathRegex: RegExp = new RegExp(`^/(${languageKeys.join('|')})(/|$)`)
-
-/** Return true if the URL is something like /en/foo or /ja but return false
- * if it's something like /foo or /foo/bar or /fr (because French (fr)
- * is currently not an active language)
- */
-export function pathLanguagePrefixed(path: string): boolean {
-  return languagePrefixPathRegex.test(path)
-}
-
-export default languages

src/languages/middleware/detect-language.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express'
 import parser from 'accept-language-parser'
 import type { Language as parserLanguage } from 'accept-language-parser'
 
-import languages, { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages, { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { USER_LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
 import type { ExtendedRequest, Languages } from '@/types'
 import { updateLoggerContext } from '@/observability/logger/lib/logger-context'

src/languages/scripts/count-translation-corruptions.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { TokenizationError } from 'liquidjs'
 import walk from 'walk-sync'
 
 import { getLiquidTokens } from '@/content-linter/lib/helpers/liquid-utils'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import warmServer from '@/frame/lib/warm-server'
 import type { Site } from '@/types'
 import { correctTranslatedContentStrings } from '@/languages/lib/correct-translation-content'

src/languages/scripts/purge-fastly-edge-cache-per-language.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 import { makeLanguageSurrogateKey } from '@/frame/middleware/set-fastly-surrogate-key'
 import purgeEdgeCache from '@/workflows/purge-edge-cache'

src/languages/tests/files.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 
 describe('files', () => {

src/languages/tests/frame.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test, vi } from 'vitest'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { blockIndex } from '@/frame/middleware/block-robots'
 import { get, getDOMCached as getDOM } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 import Page from '@/frame/lib/page'

src/languages/tests/glossary.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { getDOM } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 
 const langs = languageKeys.filter((lang) => lang !== 'en')

src/languages/tests/llms-txt-translations.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 import { get } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 const langs = languageKeys.filter((lang) => lang !== 'en')
 

src/languages/tests/redirects.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { get } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 import { USER_LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME } from '@/frame/lib/constants'
 

src/languages/tests/search.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { get } from '@/tests/helpers/e2etest'
 
 const langs = languageKeys.filter((lang) => lang !== 'en')

src/products/lib/get-product-groups.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { productMap, data } from '@/products/lib/all-products'
 import { renderContentWithFallback } from '@/languages/lib/render-with-fallback'
 import removeFPTFromPath from '@/versions/lib/remove-fpt-from-path'
 import frontmatter from '@/frame/lib/read-frontmatter'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 type PageMap = Record<string, Page>
 

src/redirects/lib/get-redirect.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import nonEnterpriseDefaultVersion from '@/versions/lib/non-enterprise-default-version'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 import {

src/redirects/middleware/handle-redirects.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import type { NextFunction, Response } from 'express'
 
 import patterns from '@/frame/lib/patterns'
-import { pathLanguagePrefixed } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { pathLanguagePrefixed } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { deprecatedWithFunctionalRedirects } from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases'
 import getRedirect from '../lib/get-redirect'
 import { defaultCacheControl, languageCacheControl } from '@/frame/middleware/cache-control'

src/redirects/middleware/language-code-redirects.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { NextFunction, Response } from 'express'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { defaultCacheControl } from '@/frame/middleware/cache-control'
 import { ExtendedRequest } from '@/types'
 

src/rest/lib/index.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import path from 'path'
 import { readCompressedJsonFileFallback } from '@/frame/lib/read-json-file'
 import { getAutomatedPageMiniTocItems } from '@/frame/lib/get-mini-toc-items'
 import { allVersions, getOpenApiVersion } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import type { Context } from '@/types'
 import type { Operation } from '@/rest/components/types'
 

src/search/lib/elasticsearch-indexes.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { utcTimestamp } from '@/search/lib/helpers/time'
 import { allIndexVersionKeys, versionToIndexVersionMap } from '@/search/lib/elasticsearch-versions'
 

src/search/lib/search-request-params/search-params-objects.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   we need to validate and parse the parameters. This file contains the configuration for which parameters
   to expect based on the type of search request "e.g. general search vs autocomplete search" and how to validate them.
  */
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allIndexVersionKeys, versionToIndexVersionMap } from '@/search/lib/elasticsearch-versions'
 import { SearchTypes } from '@/search/types'
 

src/search/scripts/analyze-text.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { Command, Option } from 'commander'
 import chalk from 'chalk'
 import dotenv from 'dotenv'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { allVersions } from '@/versions/lib/all-versions'
 
 import type { IndicesAnalyzeAnalyzeToken } from '@elastic/elasticsearch/lib/api/types'

src/search/scripts/index/index-cli.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { program, Option, Command, InvalidArgumentError } from 'commander'
 import { errors } from '@elastic/elasticsearch'
 import dotenv from 'dotenv'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 
 import { indexGeneralSearch } from './lib/index-general-search'
 import {

src/search/scripts/index/lib/index-general-search.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Client } from '@elastic/elasticsearch'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import { getElasticSearchIndex } from '@/search/lib/elasticsearch-indexes'
 import { getElasticsearchClient } from '@/search/lib/helpers/get-client'
 import {

src/search/scripts/scrape/lib/build-records.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import chalk from 'chalk'
 import dotenv from 'dotenv'
 import boxen from 'boxen'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import parsePageSectionsIntoRecords from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/parse-page-sections-into-records'
 import getPopularPages from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/popular-pages'
 import domwaiter from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/domwaiter'

src/search/scripts/scrape/lib/scrape-into-index-json.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import chalk from 'chalk'
 
-import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import languages from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import buildRecords from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/build-records'
 import findIndexablePages from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/find-indexable-pages'
 import { writeIndexRecords } from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/search-index-records'

src/search/scripts/scrape/scrape-cli.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import { existsSync, statSync, readdirSync } from 'fs'
 import { program, Option } from 'commander'
 
-import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages'
+import { languageKeys } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import scrapeIntoIndexJson from '@/search/scripts/scrape/lib/scrape-into-index-json'
 import {
   allIndexVersionOptions,

src/types.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import type { Failbot } from '@github/failbot'
 
 import type enterpriseServerReleases from '@/versions/lib/enterprise-server-releases.d'
 import type { ValidOcticon } from '@/landings/types'
+import type { Language, Languages } from '@/languages/lib/languages-server'
 import type { MiniTocItem } from '@/frame/lib/get-mini-toc-items'
 
 // Shared type for resolved article information used across landing pages and carousels
@@ -325,16 +326,8 @@ export type SecretScanningData = {
   isduplicate: boolean
 }
 
-type Language = {
-  name: string
-  code: string
-  hreflang: string
-  dir: string
-}
-
-export type Languages = {
-  [key: string]: Language
-}
+// Language and Languages types are imported at the top from languages-server
+export type { Language, Languages }
 
 export type Permalink = {
   languageCode: string