99 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
99 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Understanding the search syntax
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intro: 'When searching {% data variables.product.product_name %}, you can construct queries that match specific numbers and words.'
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redirect_from:
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- /articles/search-syntax/
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- /articles/understanding-the-search-syntax
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- /github/searching-for-information-on-github/understanding-the-search-syntax
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versions:
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fpt: '*'
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ghes: '*'
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ghae: '*'
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topics:
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- GitHub search
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shortTitle: Understand search syntax
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---
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## Query for values greater or less than another value
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You can use `>`, `>=`, `<`, and `<=` to search for values that are greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, and less than or equal to another value.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code>><em>n</em></code> | **[cats stars:>1000](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+stars%3A%3E1000&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that have more than 1000 stars.
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<code>>=<em>n</em></code> | **[cats topics:>=5](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+topics%3A%3E%3D5&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that have 5 or more topics.
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<code><<em>n</em></code> | **[cats size:<10000](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+size%3A%3C10000&type=Code)** matches code with the word "cats" in files that are smaller than 10 KB.
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<code><=<em>n</em></code> | **[cats stars:<=50](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+stars%3A%3C%3D50&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that have 50 or fewer stars.
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You can also use [range queries](#query-for-values-between-a-range) to search for values that are greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to, another value.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code><em>n</em>..*</code> | **[cats stars:10..*](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+stars%3A10..*&type=Repositories)** is equivalent to `stars:>=10` and matches repositories with the word "cats" that have 10 or more stars.
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<code>*..<em>n</em></code> | **[cats stars:*..10](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+stars%3A%22*..10%22&type=Repositories)** is equivalent to `stars:<=10` and matches repositories with the word "cats" that have 10 or fewer stars.
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## Query for values between a range
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You can use the range syntax <code><em>n</em>..<em>n</em></code> to search for values within a range, where the first number _n_ is the lowest value and the second is the highest value.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code><em>n</em>..<em>n</em></code> | **[cats stars:10..50](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+stars%3A10..50&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that have between 10 and 50 stars.
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## Query for dates
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You can search for dates that are earlier or later than another date, or that fall within a range of dates, by using `>`, `>=`, `<`, `<=`, and [range queries](#query-for-values-between-a-range). {% data reusables.time_date.date_format %}
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code>><em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats created:>2016-04-29](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A%3E2016-04-29&type=Issues)** matches issues with the word "cats" that were created after April 29, 2016.
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<code>>=<em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats created:>=2017-04-01](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A%3E%3D2017-04-01&type=Issues)** matches issues with the word "cats" that were created on or after April 1, 2017.
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<code><<em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats pushed:<2012-07-05](https://github.com/search?q=cats+pushed%3A%3C2012-07-05&type=Code&utf8=%E2%9C%93)** matches code with the word "cats" in repositories that were pushed to before July 5, 2012.
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<code><=<em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats created:<=2012-07-04](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A%3C%3D2012-07-04&type=Issues)** matches issues with the word "cats" that were created on or before July 4, 2012.
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<code><em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em>..<em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats pushed:2016-04-30..2016-07-04](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+pushed%3A2016-04-30..2016-07-04&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that were pushed to between the end of April and July of 2016.
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<code><em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em>..*</code> | **[cats created:2012-04-30..*](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A2012-04-30..*&type=Issues)** matches issues created after April 30th, 2012 containing the word "cats."
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<code>*..<em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em></code> | **[cats created:*..2012-07-04](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A*..2012-07-04&type=Issues)** matches issues created before July 4th, 2012 containing the word "cats."
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{% data reusables.time_date.time_format %}
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code><em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em>T<em>HH</em>:<em>MM</em>:<em>SS</em>+<em>00</em>:<em>00</em></code> | **[cats created:2017-01-01T01:00:00+07:00..2017-03-01T15:30:15+07:00](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A2017-01-01T01%3A00%3A00%2B07%3A00..2017-03-01T15%3A30%3A15%2B07%3A00&type=Issues)** matches issues created between January 1, 2017 at 1 a.m. with a UTC offset of `07:00` and March 1, 2017 at 3 p.m. with a UTC offset of `07:00`.
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<code><em>YYYY</em>-<em>MM</em>-<em>DD</em>T<em>HH</em>:<em>MM</em>:<em>SS</em>Z</code> | **[cats created:2016-03-21T14:11:00Z..2016-04-07T20:45:00Z](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=cats+created%3A2016-03-21T14%3A11%3A00Z..2016-04-07T20%3A45%3A00Z&type=Issues)** matches issues created between March 21, 2016 at 2:11pm and April 7, 2106 at 8:45pm.
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## Exclude certain results
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You can exclude results containing a certain word, using the `NOT` syntax. The `NOT` operator can only be used for string keywords. It does not work for numerals or dates.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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`NOT` | **[hello NOT world](https://github.com/search?q=hello+NOT+world&type=Repositories)** matches repositories that have the word "hello" but not the word "world."
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Another way you can narrow down search results is to exclude certain subsets. You can prefix any search qualifier with a `-` to exclude all results that are matched by that qualifier.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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<code>-<em>QUALIFIER</em></code> | **[cats stars:>10 -language:javascript](https://github.com/search?q=cats+stars%3A>10+-language%3Ajavascript&type=Repositories)** matches repositories with the word "cats" that have more than 10 stars but are not written in JavaScript.
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| **[mentions:defunkt -org:github](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=mentions%3Adefunkt+-org%3Agithub&type=Issues)** matches issues mentioning @defunkt that are not in repositories in the GitHub organization
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## Use quotation marks for queries with whitespace
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If your search query contains whitespace, you will need to surround it with quotation marks. For example:
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* [cats NOT "hello world"](https://github.com/search?utf8=✓&q=cats+NOT+"hello+world"&type=Repositories) matches repositories with the word "cats" but not the words "hello world."
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* [build label:"bug fix"](https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=build+label%3A%22bug+fix%22&type=Issues) matches issues with the word "build" that have the label "bug fix."
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Some non-alphanumeric symbols, such as spaces, are dropped from code search queries within quotation marks, so results can be unexpected.
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{% ifversion fpt or ghes or ghae %}
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## Queries with usernames
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If your search query contains a qualifier that requires a username, such as `user`, `actor`, or `assignee`, you can use any {% data variables.product.product_name %} username, to specify a specific person, or `@me`, to specify the current user.
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Query | Example
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------------- | -------------
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`QUALIFIER:USERNAME` | [`author:nat`](https://github.com/search?q=author%3Anat&type=Commits) matches commits authored by @nat
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`QUALIFIER:@me` | [`is:issue assignee:@me`](https://github.com/search?q=is%3Aissue+assignee%3A%40me&type=Issues) matches issues assigned to the person viewing the results
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You can only use `@me` with a qualifier and not as search term, such as `@me main.workflow`.
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{% endif %}
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