docs/content/copilot/tutorials/copilot-chat-cookbook/document-code/explain-complex-logic.md

---
title: Explaining complex algorithms or logic
shortTitle: Explain complex logic
intro: '{% data variables.copilot.copilot_chat_short %} can help add clear and concise documentation on complex algorithms or logic.'
redirect_from:
  - /copilot/example-prompts-for-github-copilot-chat/documenting-code/explaining-complex-algorithms-or-logic
  - /copilot/copilot-chat-cookbook/documenting-code/explaining-complex-algorithms-or-logic
  - /copilot/tutorials/copilot-chat-cookbook/documenting-code/explaining-complex-algorithms-or-logic
  - /copilot/tutorials/copilot-chat-cookbook/documenting-code/explain-complex-logic
versions:
  feature: copilot
category:
  - Documenting code
  - Author and optimize with Copilot
complexity:
  - Intermediate
octicon: book
topics:
  - Copilot
contentType: tutorials
---

There may be times where you need to explain complex algorithms or logic in your code. This can be challenging, especially when you're trying to make it understandable to others. {% data variables.copilot.copilot_chat_short %} can help you with this task by providing you with suggestions on how to explain the algorithm or logic in a clear and concise manner.

## Example scenario

In the C# code below, we have a method which fetches data, retries if there's an error, and updates a status label. You might want to explain, in comments in the code, how the method works and how it handles retries and cancellations.

```csharp id=fetch-data-with-retry
private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient();

public async Task<string> FetchDataFromApiWithRetryAsync(string apiUrl, CancellationToken cancellationToken, int maxRetries, int cancellationDelay, Label statusLabel)
{
    var retryCount = 0;
    using var cts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);

    while (retryCount < maxRetries)
    {
        try
        {
            cts.CancelAfter(cancellationDelay);
            return await FetchDataFromApiAsync(cts.Token, statusLabel);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) when (!(ex is OperationCanceledException))
        {
            if (retryCount < maxRetries - 1) {
                retryCount++;
                int delay = (int)Math.Pow(2, retryCount) * 1000;
                await Task.Delay(delay, cancellationToken);
                UpdateStatusLabel($"Retrying ({retryCount}/{maxRetries})...", statusLabel);
            } else {
                throw new Exception($"Failed to fetch data after {maxRetries} retries: {ex.Message}", ex);
            }
        }
    }

    throw new OperationCanceledException("The operation was cancelled.", cts.Token);
}

private async Task<string> FetchDataFromApiAsync(string apiUrl, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Label statusLabel)
{
    UpdateStatusLabel("Fetching data...", statusLabel);

    HttpResponseMessage response = await _client.GetAsync(apiUrl, cancellationToken);
    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
    string data = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

    UpdateStatusLabel("Data fetched.", statusLabel);
    return data;
}

private void UpdateStatusLabel(string message, Label statusLabel)
{
    if (statusLabel.InvokeRequired) {
        statusLabel.BeginInvoke(new Action<string, Label>(UpdateStatusLabel), message, statusLabel);
    } else {
        statusLabel.Text = message;
    }
}
```

## Example prompt

We can ask {% data variables.copilot.copilot_chat_short %} to make this code easier to understand using comments.

```copilot copy prompt ref=fetch-data-with-retry
Add comments to this code to make it more understandable
```

## Example response

{% data reusables.copilot.example-prompts.response-is-an-example %}

{% data variables.product.prodname_copilot_short %} responds with an overview of the update it suggests, and the code snippet with the comments added:

```csharp
// Shared HttpClient instance for making HTTP requests (best practice for reuse)
private static readonly HttpClient _client = new HttpClient();

/// <summary>
/// Fetches data from an API with retry mechanism and timeout functionality
/// </summary>
/// <param name="apiUrl">The URL to fetch data from</param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken">Token to cancel the operation</param>
/// <param name="maxRetries">Maximum number of retry attempts</param>
/// <param name="cancellationDelay">Timeout duration in milliseconds</param>
/// <param name="statusLabel">UI label to show status updates</param>
public async Task<string> FetchDataFromApiWithRetryAsync(string apiUrl, CancellationToken cancellationToken, int maxRetries, int cancellationDelay, Label statusLabel)
{
    var retryCount = 0;
    // Create a linked cancellation token that combines user cancellation and timeout
    using var cts = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken);

    while (retryCount < maxRetries)
    {
        try
        {
            // Set timeout for this attempt
            cts.CancelAfter(cancellationDelay);
            return await FetchDataFromApiAsync(cts.Token, statusLabel);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) when (!(ex is OperationCanceledException))
        {
            // If not the last retry attempt, implement exponential backoff
            if (retryCount < maxRetries - 1) {
                retryCount++;
                // Exponential backoff: 2^retryCount seconds (1s, 2s, 4s, 8s, etc.)
                int delay = (int)Math.Pow(2, retryCount) * 1000;
                await Task.Delay(delay, cancellationToken);
                UpdateStatusLabel($"Retrying ({retryCount}/{maxRetries})...", statusLabel);
            } else {
                // If all retries failed, throw exception with details
                throw new Exception($"Failed to fetch data after {maxRetries} retries: {ex.Message}", ex);
            }
        }
    }

    // This is reached if maxRetries is 0 or some other unexpected case
    throw new OperationCanceledException("The operation was cancelled.", cts.Token);
}

/// <summary>
/// Makes the actual API call to fetch data
/// </summary>
private async Task<string> FetchDataFromApiAsync(string apiUrl, CancellationToken cancellationToken, Label statusLabel)
{
    UpdateStatusLabel("Fetching data...", statusLabel);

    // Perform HTTP GET request with cancellation support
    HttpResponseMessage response = await _client.GetAsync(apiUrl, cancellationToken);
    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); // Throws if response is not successful
    string data = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

    UpdateStatusLabel("Data fetched.", statusLabel);
    return data;
}

/// <summary>
/// Updates UI label text safely across threads
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to display</param>
/// <param name="statusLabel">The label control to update</param>
private void UpdateStatusLabel(string message, Label statusLabel)
{
    // Check if we need to invoke on UI thread
    if (statusLabel.InvokeRequired) {
        // Use BeginInvoke to update label on UI thread
        statusLabel.BeginInvoke(new Action<string, Label>(UpdateStatusLabel), message, statusLabel);
    } else {
        // Direct update if already on UI thread
        statusLabel.Text = message;
    }
}
```

## Further reading

{% data reusables.copilot.example-prompts.further-reading-items %}