jprdonnelly/freeCodeCamp
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp.git synced 2026-04-12 10:00:39 -04:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Files
cc87f4455dfb10d233f73195428de3b92fbab3cf
freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/07-scientific-computing-with-python/scientific-computing-with-python-projects/budget-app.md
freeCodeCamp's Camper Bot 9c20069eb2 chore(i18n,learn): processed translations (#53819) 
Co-authored-by: Oliver Eyton-Williams <ojeytonwilliams@gmail.com>
2024-03-12 22:29:52 +05:30

888 lines
26 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
---
id: 5e44413e903586ffb414c94e
title: 预算应用
challengeType: 23
forumTopicId: 462361
dashedName: budget-app
---
# --description--
Complete the `Category` class. 它应该能够根据不同的预算类别实例化对象，例如 *食物* 、 *服装* 和 *娱乐* 。 创建对象时，它们以类别的名称传递。 该类应该有一个名为 `ledger` 的实例变量，它是一个列表。 该类还应包含以下方法：
- 接受金额和描述的 `deposit` 方法。 如果没有给出描述，它应该默认为一个空字符串。 该方法应以 `{"amount": amount, "description": description}` 的形式将对象附加到账本列表。
- `withdraw` 方法类似于 `deposit` 方法，但传入的金额应作为负数存储在账本中。 如果没有足够的资金，则不应向账本添加任何内容。 如果取款发生，此方法应返回 `True`，否则返回 `False`。
- `get_balance` 方法，根据发生的存款和取款返回预算类别的当前余额。
- `transfer` 方法，它接受一个金额和另一个预算类别作为参数。 该方法应添加带有金额和描述 “Transfer to [目的地预算类别]”的提款。 然后，该方法应将存款添加到其他预算类别，其金额和描述为 “Transfer from [来源预算类别]”。 如果没有足够的资金，则不应向任一账本添加任何内容。 如果转账发生，此方法应返回 `True`，否则返回 `False`。
- 接受金额作为参数的 `check_funds` 方法。 如果金额大于预算类别的余额，则返回 `False`，否则返回 `True`。 `withdraw` 方法和 `transfer` 方法都应该使用此方法。
打印预算对象时，它应显示：
- 30 个字符的标题行，类别名称居中在一行 `*` 字符中。
- 账本中的项目列表。 每行应显示描述和金额。 应显示描述的前 23 个字符，然后是金额。 金额应右对齐，包含两位小数，最多显示 7 个字符。
- 一行显示类别总数。
Here is an example usage:
```py
food = Category("Food")
food.deposit(1000, "deposit")
food.withdraw(10.15, "groceries")
food.withdraw(15.89, "restaurant and more food for dessert")
clothing = Category("Clothing")
food.transfer(50, clothing)
print(food)
```
And here is an example of the output:
```bash
*************Food*************
initial deposit 1000.00
groceries -10.15
restaurant and more foo -15.89
Transfer to Clothing -50.00
Total: 923.96
```
除了 `Category` 类之外，创建一个名为 `create_spend_chart` 的函数（在类之外），它将类别列表作为参数。 它应该返回一个作为条形图的字符串。
该图表应显示在传递给函数的每个类别中花费的百分比。 花费的百分比应该只计算取款而不是存款。 图表左侧应该是标签 0 - 100。 条形图中的“条”应由“o”字符组成。 每个条形的高度应四舍五入到最接近的 10。 条形图下面的水平线应该超过最后一个条形图再多两个空格。 每个类别名称应垂直写在栏下方。 顶部应该有一个标题，上面写着“Percentage spent by category”。
此功能将使用最多四个类别进行测试。
仔细查看下面的示例输出，并确保输出的间距与示例完全匹配。
```bash
Percentage spent by category
100|
90|
80|
70|
60| o
50| o
40| o
30| o
20| o o
10| o o o
0| o o o
----------
F C A
o l u
o o t
d t o
h
i
n
g
```
# --hints--
The `deposit` method should create a specific object in the ledger instance variable.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_deposit(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
actual = self.food.ledger[0]
expected = {"amount": 900, "description": "deposit"}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "deposit" method to create a specific object in the ledger instance variable.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Calling the `deposit` method with no description should create a blank description.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_deposit_no_description(self):
self.food.deposit(45.56)
actual = self.food.ledger[0]
expected = {"amount": 45.56, "description": ""}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected calling "deposit" method with no description to create a blank description.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `withdraw` method should create a specific object in the `ledger` instance variable.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_withdraw(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
actual = self.food.ledger[1]
expected = {"amount": -45.67, "description": "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread"}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "withdraw" method to create a specific object in the ledger instance variable.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Calling the `withdraw` method with no description should create a blank description.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_withdraw_no_description(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
good_withdraw = self.food.withdraw(45.67)
actual = self.food.ledger[1]
expected = {"amount": -45.67, "description": ""}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "withdraw" method with no description to create a blank description.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `withdraw` method should return `True` if the withdrawal took place.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_withdraw_no_description(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
good_withdraw = self.food.withdraw(45.67)
self.assertEqual(good_withdraw, True, 'Expected "withdraw" method to return "True".')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Calling `food.deposit(900, "deposit")` and `food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")` should return a balance of `854.33`.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_get_balance(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
actual = self.food.get_balance()
expected = 854.33
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected balance to be 854.33')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Calling the `transfer` method on a category object should create a specific ledger item in that category object.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
transfer_amount = 20
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(transfer_amount, self.entertainment)
actual = self.food.ledger[2]
expected = {"amount": -transfer_amount, "description": "Transfer to Entertainment"}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "transfer" method to create a specific ledger item in food object.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `transfer` method should return `True` if the transfer took place.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
transfer_amount = 20
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(transfer_amount, self.entertainment)
self.assertEqual(good_transfer, True, 'Expected "transfer" method to return "True".')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Calling `transfer` on a category object should reduce the balance in the category object.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
transfer_amount = 20
food_balance_before = self.food.get_balance()
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(transfer_amount, self.entertainment)
food_balance_after = self.food.get_balance()
self.assertEqual(food_balance_before - food_balance_after, transfer_amount, 'Expected "transfer" method to reduce balance in food object.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `transfer` method should increase the balance of the category object passed as its argument.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
transfer_amount = 20
entertainment_balance_before = self.entertainment.get_balance()
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(transfer_amount, self.entertainment)
entertainment_balance_after = self.entertainment.get_balance()
self.assertEqual(entertainment_balance_after - entertainment_balance_before, transfer_amount, 'Expected "transfer" method to increase balance in entertainment object.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `transfer` method should create a specific ledger item in the category object passed as its argument.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
transfer_amount = 20
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(transfer_amount, self.entertainment)
actual = self.entertainment.ledger[0]
expected = {"amount": transfer_amount, "description": "Transfer from Food"}
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "transfer" method to create a specific ledger item in entertainment object.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `check_funds` method should return `False` if the amount passed to the method is greater than the category balance.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_check_funds(self):
self.food.deposit(10, "deposit")
actual = self.food.check_funds(20)
expected = False
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "check_funds" method to be False')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `check_funds` method should return `True` if the amount passed to the method is not greater than the category balance.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_check_funds(self):
self.food.deposit(10, "deposit")
actual = self.food.check_funds(10)
expected = True
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected "check_funds" method to be True')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `withdraw` method should return `False` if the withdrawal didn't take place.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
def test_withdraw_no_funds(self):
self.food.deposit(100, "deposit")
good_withdraw = self.food.withdraw(100.10)
self.assertEqual(good_withdraw, False, 'Expected "withdraw" method to return "False".')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
The `transfer` method should return `False` if the transfer didn't take place.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_transfer_no_funds(self):
self.food.deposit(100, "deposit")
good_transfer = self.food.transfer(200, self.entertainment)
self.assertEqual(good_transfer, False, 'Expected "transfer" method to return "False".')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
Printing a `Category` instance should give a different string representation of the object.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
def test_to_string(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(45.67, "milk, cereal, eggs, bacon, bread")
self.food.transfer(20, self.entertainment)
actual = str(self.food)
expected = "*************Food*************\\ndeposit 900.00\\nmilk, cereal, eggs, bac -45.67\\nTransfer to Entertainme -20.00\\nTotal: 834.33"
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected different string representation of object.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
`create_spend_chart` should print a different chart representation. Check that all spacing is exact.
```js
({
test: () => {
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/budget.py', code);
pyodide.FS.writeFile('/home/pyodide/test_module.py',`
import unittest
import budget
from importlib import reload
reload(budget)
class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
maxDiff = None
def setUp(self):
self.food = budget.Category("Food")
self.entertainment = budget.Category("Entertainment")
self.business = budget.Category("Business")
def test_create_spend_chart(self):
self.food.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.entertainment.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.business.deposit(900, "deposit")
self.food.withdraw(105.55)
self.entertainment.withdraw(33.40)
self.business.withdraw(10.99)
actual = budget.create_spend_chart([self.business, self.food, self.entertainment])
expected = "Percentage spent by category\\n100| \\n 90| \\n 80| \\n 70| o \\n 60| o \\n 50| o \\n 40| o \\n 30| o \\n 20| o o \\n 10| o o \\n 0| o o o \\n ----------\\n B F E \\n u o n \\n s o t \\n i d e \\n n r \\n e t \\n s a \\n s i \\n n \\n m \\n e \\n n \\n t "
self.assertEqual(actual, expected, 'Expected different chart representation. Check that all spacing is exact.')
`);
const testCode = `
from unittest import main
from importlib import reload
import test_module
reload(test_module)
t = main(module='test_module', exit=False)
t.result.wasSuccessful()
`;
const out = __pyodide.runPython(testCode);
assert(out);
}
})
```
# --seed--
## --seed-contents--
```py
class Category:
pass
def create_spend_chart(categories):
pass
```
# --solutions--
```py
class Category:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.ledger = []
self.balance = 0
self.spent = 0
def __str__(self):
first_line = f'{self.name.center(30, "*")}\n'
lines = ''
total = f'Total: {format(self.balance, ".2f")}'
for n in range(len(self.ledger)):
descr = self.ledger[n]["description"][:23]
am = format(float(self.ledger[n]["amount"]), ".2f")[:7]
lines = lines + f'{descr:<23}{am:>7}\n'
return f'{first_line}{lines}{total}'
def deposit(self, amount, description=''):
self.ledger.append({
'amount': float(amount),
'description': description
})
self.balance = self.balance + float(amount)
def withdraw(self, amount, description=''):
if self.check_funds(amount):
self.ledger.append({
'amount': -float(amount),
'description': description
})
self.balance = self.balance - float(amount)
self.spent = self.spent + float(amount)
return True
else:
return False
def get_balance(self):
return self.balance
def transfer(self, amount, category):
if self.check_funds(amount):
# withdraw
self.ledger.append({
'amount': -float(amount),
'description': f'Transfer to {category.name}'
})
self.balance = self.balance - float(amount)
# deposit
category.deposit(amount, f'Transfer from {self.name}')
return True
else:
return False
def check_funds(self, amount):
if float(amount) > self.balance:
return False
else:
return True
def create_spend_chart(categories):
total_expenses = 0
obj = {}
col1 = []
str = []
final_str = 'Percentage spent by category\n'
label_max_length = 0
label_strings = []
for category in categories:
total_expenses = total_expenses + category.spent
obj[category.name] = {'expenses': category.spent}
obj[category.name]['label'] = list(category.name)
if len(obj[category.name]['label']) > label_max_length:
label_max_length = len(obj[category.name]['label'])
for category in categories:
obj[category.name]['percent'] = (
(category.spent / total_expenses * 100) // 10) * 10
obj[category.name]['column'] = []
for i in range(0, 110, 10):
if obj[category.name]['percent'] >= i:
obj[category.name]['column'].insert(0, 'o')
else:
obj[category.name]['column'].insert(0, ' ')
for i in range(0, 110, 10):
col1.insert(0, i)
for i in range(11):
str.append("")
for key in obj:
str[i] += (f'{obj[key]["column"][i]} ')
final_str += f'{col1[i]:>3}| {str[i]}\n'
final_str += f' {"-"*(1+3*len(obj))}\n '
for i in range(label_max_length):
label_strings.append(' ')
for k in obj:
if len(obj[k]['label']) < label_max_length:
obj[k]['label'].extend(
f'{" "*(label_max_length-len(obj[k]["label"]))}')
label_strings[i] += f'{obj[k]["label"][i]} '
if i < label_max_length - 1:
label_strings[i] += '\n '
final_str += label_strings[i]
print(final_str)
return (final_str)
```
Reference in New Issue View Git Blame Copy Permalink